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An important proposal from cosmology is that the observed structure of the universe con-tains relics of topological defects formed as the early universe cooled. The important question of the density of defects was first treated theoretically by Kibble (1) using a model in which the phase transition proceeds by the
Mar 24, 2021 · Professor Tom Kibble was an internationally-renowned theoretical physicist whose contributions to theoretical physics range from the theory of elementary particles to modern early-Universe cosmology. The unifying theme behind all his work is the theory of non-abelian gauge theories, the Yang–Mills extension of electromagnetism.
- M. J. Duff, K. S. Stelle
- 2021
The Kibble–Zurek mechanism (KZM) describes the non-equilibrium dynamics and the formation of topological defects in a system which is driven through a continuous phase transition at finite rate.
However, in cosmology, the transitions are driven by the Hubble expansion of the Universe, which proceeds at a finite rate outside our control. Causality arguments then require a certain minimum density of defects to be generated, the basis of what has come to be known as the Kibble– Zurek (KZ) mechanism (Kibble 1976; Zurek 1985).
The possibility of cosmic strings being produced in the early universe was first envisioned by quantum field theorist Tom Kibble in 1976, [1] and this sprouted the first flurry of interest in the field.
The formation of topological defects in a phase transition as described by Kibble [8] in the context of the early Universe, arises due to the existence of uncorrelated regions of space (domains). As these domains come into contact with each other, the variation of the
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Jan 27, 2017 · One route towards the answer -- which lies at the intersection between cosmology and materials physics -- is to use laboratory materials to test the so-called "Kibble-Zurek" scaling laws proposed for the formation of defects such as cosmic strings in the early universe.
