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Aug 23, 2019 · Both Sharlet and The New Yorker described how Fellowship members used their relationships to advance a diplomatic agenda, including in 2001 brokering a meeting between two African leaders and in...
- Peace of Westphalia
- Congress of Vienna
- The Invention of The Telegraph
- Changes in Diplomatic Activities
- A New Topic on The Diplomatic Agendas
- The Use of New Tools in Diplomacy
- The Most Important Aspects of The Telegraph
- Meanwhile in … China
- Cheers! Champagne
ʻWestphaliaʼ is probably one of the most frequently used historical references in modern international relations and politics. The Peace of Westphalia is the collective name for two peace treaties signed in October 1648 in the Westphalian cities of Osnabrück and Münster. These two documents ended the Thirty Years' War (1618–1648) and brought peace ...
The 18th century was a period when European diplomacy tried hard to maintain a balance between five great powers: Britain, France, Austria, Russia, and Prussia. The French Revolution and the attempts of Napoleon I to conquer Europe have shaken the continent's state system and paved the way for the Congress of Vienna (1814/1815). The Congress was on...
The 19th century was also an era of great scientific and technological breakthroughs, with the telegraph being the most important invention for diplomacy. The word ‘telegraph’ derives from the Greek words 'têle' (‘at a distance’) and 'gráphein' (‘to write’). A variety of other terms were used for the telegraph, among others 'tachygraph' from the Gr...
The telegraph affected the distribution of power. Prior to the introduction of the telegraph, the big banking family Rothschild developed a communication system based on couriers and carrier pigeons which connected the main European economic centres. This gave them a competitive advantage which disappeared with the introduction of the telegraph. Ja...
The telegraph appeared early on the diplomatic agendas. In the mid-19th century, the first international agreements were signed in order to manage telegraph communication. The most developed network of bilateral agreements took place in Germany which was at the time divided into many small states. In 1849, Prussia and Saxony concluded the first bil...
It was in the 1850s that the telegraph started to be used as a tool in diplomatic services. The telegraph was initially used in diplomacy for internal communication between diplomatic missions and headquarters. This also included communication regarding personal, ceremonial, and organisational matters. During the Congress of Paris (1856), British r...
The speed of message transfer has been linked to urgency. If a message travels for months, one can afford time to prepare a proper response. This situation changed with the telegraph. The immediacy of sending back messages required immediate responses from diplomats abroad. This led towards potential hasty and, sometimes, not properly prepared resp...
The first telegraph lines in China were established during the 1860s when imperial powers used them to connect with their colonies to Europe. The government of the Qing dynasty was initially very reluctant about establishing their own telegraphic lines fearing that they might be used by the European powers. The first Chinese line was established in...
Champagne, the celebration drink, was named after the Champagne region in northeast France where the drink is made. This sparkling wine was discovered by accident. The cold Champagne winters stopped fermentation, and when the yeast cells awoke again in spring, the released carbon dioxide caused the bottles to explode. Monks, who were the winemakers...
Oct 9, 2018 · In this chapter, Spies focuses on bilateral diplomacy, the oldest and most traditional diplomatic mode. It encapsulates basics of diplomatic practice—principles, techniques and processes that are replicated in all the other modes of diplomacy.
- Yolanda Kemp Spies
- 2019
Nov 12, 2018 · Based on analysis of nearly 650 individual cases, this is the first contribution that offers a descriptive comparative overview of the manifold types of special envoys involved in international politics. The article claims that the principal value-added of these envoys is flexibility.
Using primary sources to build an objective prosopography of its membership, evidence is offered that the Fellowship was more than a fringe pressure group and dining club and achieved international credibility as a lobbying body, diplomatic intermediary and intelligence-gathering tool.
- Charles Spicer
- ThesisTheses and Dissertations
- 2018
- Spicer, Charlesand
Oct 23, 2021 · If citizens aspire to a diplomatic power similar to that of state-led diplomacy, how can they approach the conversion process of their soft power resources in order to achieve this outcome: diplomatic influence and impact at policy level?
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Apr 25, 2011 · Indeed, the widespread use of “self-determination” as shorthand for Wilson's diplomatic agenda has encouraged the adoption of a bifocal lens, through which statehood and subjection appear as the only alternatives he offered to human populations.
