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- Cuscata. Cuscuta, also commonly known as dodder, has no roots or leaves and instead is identifiable by its yellow or orange stems which have a stringy, hair-like appearance as it is in the morning glory family.
- Mistletoe. While mistletoe may be commonly associated with Christmas kisses, it's also a parasite. Mistletoe, a group of plants in the order Santalales, are found around the world.
- Australian Christmas tree (Nuytsia floribunda) Another festive entry, the Australian Christmas tree (Nuytsia floribunda) can photosynthesise but sometimes steals water from neighbouring plants.
- Ghost plant (Monotropa uniflora) The ghost plant (Monotropa uniflora) is a member of the heather family. It lacks chlorophyll, which is the reason for its distinctive white hue.
- Types of Parasitic Plants
- Morphological Features
- Evolutionary Development of Parasitism
- Host Interactions
- Distribution
- Dispersal
- Cassytha, Laurel Dodder
- Cuscuta, Dodder
- Orobanchaceae
- Striga
Parasitic plants can be categorized based on different criteria such as where they attach to the host, the degree of nutritional dependence upon the host, or whether they require a host to complete their life cycle. In terms of location on the host, two basic types can be distinguished: stem parasites and root parasites. Stem parasites occur in sev...
In some stem parasites, such as Cassytha (Figure 4) and Cuscuta (dodder) (Figure 5), the vegetative portion consists solely of a stem and scale leaves. In contrast, the casual observer may not recognize that many of the photosynthetic root hemiparasites are indeed parasites because they are green with fully formed leaves. As the degree of parasitic...
What evolutionary conditions might favor the development of parasitism in plants? Root parasitism confers certain advantages, especially for annual plants. When the parasite seedling forms a haustorium, it obtains a mature, functioning root system by “assuming” the root system of its host plant. Is it energetically more cost effective for the paras...
The modes of host selection and specialization of parasitic plants is extraordinarily broad. Castilleja (Figure 7) and Cuscuta (dodder) (Figure 8) can parasitize hundreds of different hosts in diverse families; in contrast, Epifagus virginiana (beech drops) (Figure 9) occurs only on Fagus grandifolia (beech). The same generalization can be made abo...
Parasitic plants can be found in all major biomes on earth, being absent only in the coldest regions (Antarctica, North Pole). Pedicularis dasyantha (Orobanchaceae) is found on the Svalbard archipelago of the Arctic Ocean, more than 80˚ N latitude (Musselman & Press 1995). Nanodea muscosa (Nanodeaceae, formerly Santalaceae) is found at the other po...
Like many weeds, several pathogenic parasitic plants have been effectively spread by humans. Contaminated seed has spread the North American dodder (Cuscuta campestris) (Figure 13) throughout most of the world. This species of dodder is the most widespread parasitic weed in the world, and was first described (as C. pentagona) from a major USA seapo...
Cassytha is a high climbing, parasitic vine with green or orange stems that bears a remarkable resemblance to Cuscuta (dodder). Cassytha is regularly mistaken for dodder, even by experienced plant scientists. The similarity between these two unrelated genera is one of the most striking parallelisms among the flowering plants. Additional features co...
Species of Cuscuta are among the best known of all parasitic plants. The biology and control of dodders was reviewed in Dawson et al. (1994). Cuscuta has a broad host range, although monocots are less preferred (Figure 13). The genus Cuscuta contains three subgenera. Members of the subgenus Monogynella are robust vines that may attack and kill frui...
This family includes the largest number of genera (over 90) and species (ca. 1900) of all the families of parasitic flowering plants. In the past, the hemiparasitic members of this family were classified as part of Scrophulariaceae (the figwort family) while the holoparasitic members were included in Orobanchaceae (the broomrape family). Molecular ...
Witchweeds (Striga spp.) have a greater impact on humans worldwide than any other parasitic plant because their hosts are subsistence crops grown widely in Africa and Asia. Such crops include maize, sorghum, pearl millet, finger millet, rice, and sugar cane as well as legume crops such as cowpea and ground nut. The name “witchweed” derives from the...
A parasitic plant is a plant that derives some or all of its nutritional requirements from another living plant. They make up about 1% of angiosperms and are found in almost every biome . All parasitic plants develop a specialized organ called the haustorium , which penetrates the host plant, connecting them to the host vasculature – either the xylem , phloem , or both. [ 1 ]
Hydnoroideae. parasitic plant, plant that obtains all or part of its nutrition from another plant (the host) without contributing to the benefit of the host and, in some cases, causing extreme damage to the host. The defining structural feature of a parasitic plant is the haustorium, a specialized organ that penetrates the host and forms a ...
Jan 17, 2024 · Impact of Parasitic Plant. Ecological Impact: Parasitic plants play an important role in ecosystem dynamics. While they can have negative effects on host plants by removing essential nutrients, they also create unique micro-habitats, promoting biodiversity. The ecological balance between parasitic and non-parasitic plants highlights the complex ...
Aug 20, 2018 · The growth and development of parasitic plants is determined by a range of host attributes, such as root architecture and root spread, germination time and growth rate, and host physiochemistry. Host defence mechanisms also determine the success of a parasite. Plants defend against pathogenic and parasitic organisms via intrinsic resistance and ...
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In contrast to most autotrophic plants, which produce carbohydrates from carbon dioxide using photosynthesis, parasitic plants obtain water and nutrients by parasitizing host plants. Many important crop plants are infested by these heterotrophic plants, leading to severe agricultural loss and reduced food security. Understanding how host plants perceive and resist parasitic plants provides ...
