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Recent research has focused on identifying the mechanisms that generate new genes, and scientists have found that these mechanisms involve a variety of molecular events, all of which must...
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Back in the 1970s, geneticists saw evolution as a rather conservative process. When Susumu Ohno laid out the hypothesis that most genes evolved through duplication 3 , he wrote that “In a strict sense, nothing in evolution is created de novo . Each new gene must have arisen from an already existing gene.” Gene duplication occurs when errors in the ...
Studying de novo genes turns out to be part genetics, part thought experiment. “Why is our field so difficult?” asks Anne-Ruxandra Carvunis at the University of Pittsburgh in Pennsylvania. “It is because of philosophical issues.” At its heart is a question that Carvunis has been asking for a decade: what is a gene? A gene is commonly defined as a D...
To trace which of an organism’s genes were made de novo , researchers need comprehensive sequences for the organism and its close relatives. One crop plant that fits the bill is rice. The sweltering heat of Hainan, a tropical island in southern China, is the perfect environment for growing the crop — although the working conditions can be trying. “...
- Adam Levy
- 2019
Apr 9, 2020 · The emergence of new genes is an important source of biological novelty. Recently, researchers have found clues to how frequently take shape de novo, within DNA sequences that previously did not encode anything.
Feb 19, 2020 · Vakirlis et al. use a new approach to analyze orphan genes that have originated through divergence. They examine regions of the genome that correspond to each other (so-called syntenic regions) in related species to determine whether a gene exists in both regions and, if so, whether the proteins are non-homologous.
- Urminder Singh, Eve Syrkin Wurtele
- 10.7554/eLife.55136
- 2020
- eLife. 2020; 9: e55136.
New genes now appear to be potent drivers of phenotypic evolution and the genetic control of important biological processes, and show that organismal development and organ development have evolved species-specific and lineage-specific components.
Nov 1, 2003 · New genes can be created by the mechanisms discussed above, either individually or in combination, as in the case of jingwei, which was the first young gene to be described (Box 1,2).
Feb 19, 2020 · Genetic Novelty: How new genes are born. eLife 9:e55136. For half a century, most scientists believed that new protein-coding genes arise as a result of mutations in existing protein-coding genes. It was considered impossible for anything as complex as a functional new protein to arise from scratch. However, every species has certain genes ...