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Jun 24, 2019 · However, in the second session, participants continued to improve their cognitive performance only if they were in the natural environment, whereas participants in urban conditions did not continue to improve (Stenfors et al., 2019), suggesting that the effect is more about interactions with nature improving performance rather than urban environments worsening performance.
- Understanding Nature and Its Cognitive Benefits
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- Understanding Nature and Its Cognitive Benefits
- Study Characteristics
- Effectiveness of The Nature Interventions
- Working Memory
- Selective Attention and Sustained/Selective Attention
- Impulse Control
- Processing Speed
- Underlying Mechanisms
- Effects of Nature Interventions and The Influence of Age
- Study Duration
A total of 12 studies from 11 journal articles were selected for inclusion in the review. All studies were published between 2014 and 2019 and came mainly from Europe (75%). Two were from the USA and one study came from Canada. As presented in Table 2, the studies selected were all experimental or quasi experimental designs but varied in terms of p...
Studies included in this review enabled us to investigate nature interventions on cognitive functioning across different attentional domains as well as on long-term memory knowledge acquisition. First, we will present the findings from the attention tests in four sections: (1) working memory tests, (2) selective attention tests also including tests...
Two studies (Amicone et al., 2018; Li & Sullivan, 2016) found a significant positive effect of nature on working memory performance in middle-class public school children in Rome and in both urban and rural high-school students in central Illinois public schools, respectively. Both studies used Digit Span Forward and Digit Span Backward, but the ta...
The main common task in tests designed to measure selective attention is to direct attention towards a target while simultaneously ignoring distractors. Most studies (n = 9) in our systematic review have been designed to measure selective attention; however, they have used five different tests for this purpose. In particular, Combined Attention Sys...
One study used an impulse control attention test, as measured by Go/No-Go task, to investigate impulse control after green structured play (Amicone et al., 2018). They found no significant positive effect in middle-class public school children in Rome after playtime in a school garden compared with a built playground. Regarding Sustained/Selective ...
Mixed findings have also been reported for long-term nature exposure studies examining processing speed as measured by the Digit Letter Substitution test (van Dijk-Wesselius et al., 2018; van den Berg et al., 2017). For the task participants were instructed to convert randomly ordered digits to letters according to a key and to do so within short p...
The second aim of this review is to investigate potential underlying mechanisms of the nature-cognitive performance relationship. Studies designed to demonstrate the effect of nature on cognitive functioning can also provide additional support for the foundational theories and can help to illuminate underlying mechanisms. These studies may also rep...
The third aim of our review was to investigate possible differences of nature exposure effects on cognitive functioning for children of different age groups. Greenspace exposure does not seem to differentially effect child and adolescent cognitive functioning as it is generally beneficial for all age groups covered in this review. For high school s...
As can be seen from Appendix Table 8, most interventions used in the studies reviewed were of a short duration and focused on attentional functioning as an outcome. Five studies used immediate post-intervention designs with a time range of 20–30 min (Amicone et al. (study 1 and 2), 2018; Greenwood & Gatersleben, 2016; Johnson, et al., 2019; Stevens...
Abstract. Cognitive function defines performance in objective tasks that require conscious mental effort. Extreme environments, namely heat, hypoxia, and cold can all alter human cognitive function due to a variety of psychological and/or biological processes. The aims of this Focused Review were to discuss; (1) the current state of knowledge ...
Jul 2, 2019 · Furthermore, the cognitive performance improvements after nature interactions were found to be largely independent of changes in positive and negative affect. These results suggest that the mechanisms through which nature interactions alter cognitive performance vs. affect may differ and be independent.
Jun 1, 2024 · A positive effect size reflects better cognitive performance for those with higher exposure to nature (correlational) or those in the nature exposure condition (comparison). A negative effect size reflects better cognitive performance for those with lower exposure to nature (correlational) or those in the control/non-nature condition (comparison).
Aug 14, 2023 · Nature has a positive effect on people. Previous studies have demonstrated its restorative and cognitive benefits 1,2,3, based on theories regarding the relationship between people and nature ...
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Jun 24, 2019 · This article describes empirical research on the cognitive benefits of interacting with natural environments and several theories that have been proposed to explain these effects. We also propose future directions that may be useful in exploring the extent of nature’s effects on cognitive performance and some potential mediating factors.
