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Oct 25, 2023 · Deplatforming, or banning malicious accounts from social media, is a key tool for moderating online harms. However, the consequences of deplatforming for the wider social media ecosystem have been largely overlooked so far, due to the difficulty of tracking banned users.
Jul 20, 2023 · While governments deliberate on how to regulate, some social media companies have removed creators of offensive content —deplatforming. I estimate the effects of deplatforming on revenue and viewership, using variation in the timing of removals across two video-streaming companies — YouTube, and its far-right competitor, Bitchute.
Jan 30, 2022 · Social media has become an outlet for extremists to fundraise and organize on, potentially leading to deadly externalities. While governments deliberate on how to regulate this challenge, some social media companies have removed creators of offensive content –deplatforming.
Sep 23, 2021 · “Deplatforming” most commonly applies to stopping a single user account (e.g. Donald Trump) by a social network (e.g. Facebook). Over the past years, a number of controversial content creators have been removed from one, several, or all social media platforms.
- José Van Dijck, Tim de Winkel, Mirko Tobias Schäfer
- 2021
- 2 BACKGROUND AND RELATED WORK
- 3 DATA
- 4.1 Operationalizing Diferent Indicators of User Behavior
- 4.1.1 RQ1: Change in Conversations about Deplatformed Influencers. We measured three diferent aspects of conversations about influencers:
- 4.2 Causal Inference
- 5.1.4 Further Analysis of the Sudden Drops. Noticing the sudden drops in all measured metrics for the three deplatformed accounts, we further analyzed the mechanisms that could help explain these drops. First, looking at the raw counts of these metrics around the dates of deplatforming, we observed a sudden increase in posting activity immediately before the deplatforming events that dissipated quickly after the bans. Analyzing a sample of these posts, we found that they referred to the unpopular ofline events that these influencers were involved in. Such events also could have ultimately contributed to the deplatforming decisions. For example, Jones tweeted out a video of himself heckling the CNN reporter Oliver Darcy, and Twitter’s announcement of banning Jones noted:
- 6 DISCUSSION
- 6.1 Deplatforming Efectively Reduces Ofensive Influencers’ Impact and Lessens Toxic Rhetoric
- 6.3 Platforms Must Defend Against the Second-order Harms of Deplatforming
- 7 CONCLUSION
- ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
We next provide background information on content moderation, deplatforming, extremist actors and toxicity in online communities, and we review key related work.
We now discuss data collection for our analysis, i.e., how we: selected deplatformed influencers for our case studies and collected tweets referencing these influencers; identified ofensive ideas promoted by influencers and collected tweets mentioning these ideas; and identified influencers’ supporters and collected their tweets.
We now describe how we operationalized user behavior to answer our three research questions.
Posting activity levels. We measured the posting activity levels for each influencer using the volume of tweets in the corresponding dataset -D posted in each time window w. For this, we iterated through each tweet in -D and assigned it to the corresponding time window based on the timestamp indicating when the tweet was made. Next, we aggregated a...
The causal inference question we explore is whether the deplatforming of ofensive influencers like Alex Jones leads to a decrease in radicalization on Twitter as measured through the lens of posting activity levels, toxicity levels, etc. To determine whether the post-deplatforming efects observed could instead be explained by random chance, we used...
“Today, we permanently suspended @realalexjones and @infowars from Twitter and Periscope. We took this action based on new reports of Tweets and videos posted yesterday that violate our abusive behavior policy, in addition to the accounts’ past violations.”12 In light of such ofline events, many opponents of these influencers called for banning the...
Taken together, our findings show a robust efect of deplatforming ofensive influencers on disrupt-ing the growth of communities formed around them. We now discuss the theoretical and design implications of this work, note its limitations, and suggest directions for future work.
Conversations around influencers are reduced. Before this work, it was not clear whether or how de-platforming would afect the levels of posting activity about influencers. Certainly, these influencers continued to actively promote their views elsewhere [3, 82]. In fact, their deplatforming on Twitter was widely covered by multiple news outlets and...
We found that deplatforming increased the prevalence of some ofensive ideas we tested in this study. Therefore, platforms should be cautious in the aftermath of deplatforming about certain user groups that may increase their spread of vitriolic ideas and conspiracy theories associated with the banned influencer. Careful moderation of posts containi...
In this paper, we examined the long-term consequences of deplatforming three ofensive influencers on Twitter. Our results show that this approach minimized the impact of influencers and their ideas as well as modulated the ofensive discourse of their many supporters. We conclude that when used judiciously, deplatforming can be an efective strategy ...
We would like to thank both our colleagues and anonymous reviewers for their valuable feedback that helped shaped this research, with special thanks to Aaron Jiang, Amanda Baughan and Amy Zhang. This work is supported in part by a Facebook Oversight Board Research Award.
Nov 24, 2023 · This study examines how de-platforming and flagging, two elements of social media content moderation, assemble to replicate offline inequalities, making content creators at the margins vulnerable to both online abuse and censorship on Instagram and TikTok.
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Jul 1, 2024 · While governments deliberate on how to regulate, some social media companies have removed creators of offensive content —deplatforming. I estimate the effects of deplatforming on revenue and viewership, using variation in the timing of removals across two video-streaming companies — YouTube, and its far-right competitor, Bitchute.
