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Four types of evidence have been described. 1 Anecdotal evidence comprises a particular occurrence, whereas statistical evidence consists of an arithmetic summary of a series of instances. Causal evidence involves an explanation for the occurrence of an effect; finally, expert evidence comprises the opinion of one or more experts.
- Robert Atenstaedt
- 2019
Feb 18, 2009 · We do not define anecdotal evidence as an epistemic category that exists prior to the public controversies themselves; rather, we aim to show how the term is constructed and contested by expert and nonexpert actors.
- Alfred Moore, Jack Stilgoe
- 2009
May 25, 2017 · Anecdotal (or narrative) evidence consists of one case, whereas statistical evidence consists of numerical information about a large number of cases. Causal evidence consists of an explanation, and expert evidence consists of a confirmation by an expert.
- J.M.A. Hornikx
- 2017
Jan 10, 2024 · This article clarifies the role and value of three types of evidence used in empirical research – anecdotes derived from case studies or small samples of data, fictions (including both thought experiments and works of art such as novels and plays) and statistics. The conclusion is that all three have an important part to play.
We do not define anecdotal evidence as an epistemic category that exists prior to the public controversies themselves; rather, we aim to show how the term is constructed and contested by...
Apr 6, 2021 · In particular, the presence of anecdotal evidence can serve as a powerful barrier for scientific reasoning and evidence-based decision-making. Anecdotal evidence generally conveys narrative information, including personal stories and testimonies (Kazoleas, 1993).
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Anecdotal information should not be considered as a replacement for, but as a complement to formal research evidence. If evidence-based health care is to meet its potential, the important role of anecdotes must be acknowledged, studied and utilized.
