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Coastal areas: Kawakawa enjoys the moist environment and partial shade provided by coastal forests. Lowland forests: The dappled sunlight filtering through the trees in lowland forests creates a perfect habitat for this plant.
Due to its ability to withstand deep shade, a landscape designer suggests using Kawakawa under trees to add bulk to south side borders, and to boundary garden beds. “With its deep green foliage to ground level, Kawakawa provides a dense, lush, evergreen background.”
The habitat of the kawakawa plant is the coastal and lowland forests of the North Island and the northern half of the South Island. This is because it prefers a moist rich & free-draining soil in a semi-shade to shade position. It will tolerate an open windy situation but is frost tender.
Kawakawa is easy to grow, and likes free-draining soil in a nice shady spot. It is fairly wind-tolerant and, when the tree is mature, it can tolerate light to medium frosts.
- Description
- Habitat
- Cultivation
- Uses
- Medicinal
- Constituents
- Research
A small densely branched shrub or small tree, growing to six metres tall. The branchlets are jointed and swollen where the leaves are attached. The aromatic fleshy heart-shaped leaves have prominent veining and are a dark green to almost yellow green colour. The leaves are often covered with insect holes mainly caused by the kawakawa looper moth ca...
Found in coastal and lowland forests throughout the North Island and the northern half of the South Island. There are two other offshore island species of macropiper: Macropiper excelsum psittacorumfrom the Kermadec Islands is similar to the mainland form but with longer flower spikes and larger thicker leaves that are glossy and deep green. Macrop...
Kawakawa prefers a moist rich & free-draining soil in a semi-shade to shade position. It will tolerate an open windy situation but is frost tender. It can be used under established planting that has started to open out below the canopy. The seed is a favoured food of many birds in late summer and are dispersed by them. The orange mash can easily be...
Culinary: Kawakawa leaves can be used to flavour sweet and savoury dishes. The orange fruits from the female trees are sweet and the seeds are peppery. To extract the core from the fruit, pinch them at the top of the berry and pull upwards, they slide up out of the berry quite easily. Dip the orange fruits in chocolate for a sweet treat. Kawakawa M...
The fruit, bark and leaves of the kawakawa all have medicinal properties. One of the most important healing herbs used by Maori and still widely used today. The leaves were chewed or made into an infusion to treat stomach ailments, bladder problems, the fruits were eaten as a diuretic. The leaves are chewed for toothache. Externally used to heal cu...
Kawakawa contains myrsticin, related to eugenol, which is a mild antiseptic and dental pain reliever. The presence of lignans in the smoke generated from burning kawakawa leaves and stems kills insects.
MAF Biosecurity NZ have been conducting research since 2008 into the decline of Kawakawa. It is an important shrub for our ecology and is used in coastal restoration planting.
How to Grow Piper excelsum – Care and Conditions. It naturally grows as an understory plant so is useful in the garden in dappled shade where the foliage looks good year round. A warm protected frost free position is essential especially when plants are young.. Dappled shade is ideal.
Growing: Kawakawa prefers a moist rich and free-draining soil in a semi-shade to shaded site. It is frost tender, so best planted under canopy for protection. Usually grown by seed. Orange fleshy parts can be mashed in water and the black seeds will float. Seeds can take two to three months to germinate.
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