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  1. Women's hazard of death increases by more than 20% after widowhood only for 2 of their predecedent husbands’ causes of death: COPD and influenza or pneumonia. Women's hazard of death increases by less than 20% in response to their husbands’ deaths from all other causes.

    • Felix Elwert, Nicholas A. Christakis
    • 10.2105/AJPH.2007.114348
    • 2008
    • 2008/11
  2. Thus, the widowed are much more likely to be female and/or black than to be male and/or white. The higher prevalence of widowhood among blacks and women compared to whites and men leads to “double jeopardy” of disadvantaged groups, which may increase mortality risk following widowhood and contribute to mortality disparities.

  3. Mar 18, 2021 · Abstract. With few exceptions, greater disparities in mortality risk by socio-economic status (SES) have been found among men than among women. Most research has also shown that the higher mortality risk after widowhood (the widowhood effect) is greater for men.

    • Filip Dabergott
    • 2021
  4. Sep 27, 2013 · Thus, those with low SES are simultaneously more likely to become widowed and more likely to die, independent of any widowhood effect (Bowling, 1987). Elevated widowhood mortality may also reflect selection out of widowhood, in that the healthiest individuals remarry and leave the widowed state, leaving only the frailest as widows.

  5. Although this causal link may be true for some women, particularly in natural fertility populations, we will highlight evidence that many women stop when they are still fecund (i.e. that a is not short relative to b + c).

    • Mary C. Towner, Ilona Nenko, Savannah E. Walton
    • 2016
  6. Jan 11, 2024 · The "widowhood effect" is often used to describe the increased risk of dying shortly after losing a spouse. A 2014 study published in the Journal of Public Health found "odds of mortality during the first three months post-widowhood were significantly higher than in the continuously married".

  7. Oct 28, 2013 · The researchers found that widows and widowers were more likely to die than people whose spouses were still living, on average. The effect was strongest in the first three months after a spouse died, when they had a 66% increased chance of dying.