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Sep 1, 2016 · Like phobias, the contingencies around which prepared learning revolves are not arbitrary, but rather those that may have been intimately involved in the survival of the species. Prepared learning is highly selective: When a rat becomes ill, taste aversion develops but not aversions to the sounds and sights that were also contiguous with illness.
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According to the biological preparedness theory which is one...
- Information Processes of The Brain
Attempts to analyse the complex forms of mental activity...
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Jul 1, 1971 · It is defined as conditioning that occurs with minimal or even degraded input. Like phobias, the contingencies around which prepared learning revolves are not arbitrary, but rather those that may have been intimately involved in the survival of the species.
- Martin E.P. Seligman
- 1971
Unlike classical conditioning, which assumes that all associations can be learned equally easily, Prepared Learning suggests that certain fears are more easily acquired and less easily extinguished due to evolutionary pressures.
TWO MECHANISMS OF CONTINGENCY LEARNING 2" Abstract How do humans learn contingencies between events? Several types of process models have been proposed, including pathway strengthening and inference-based models. We propose that each of these processes is used in different task conditions. Human participants viewed displays
Feb 18, 2019 · There is evidence, however, that contingency awareness is not necessary in associative learning paradigms involving prepared stimuli (Soares & Öhman, 1993). Theoretically, prepared fears are learnt prior to cognitive processing, and therefore, they would be extinguished using pre-cognitive processing (Soares & Öhman, 1993 ).
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- 13, Issue3
- 18 February 2019
Jun 1, 2007 · In Experiments 1 and 2, we demonstrate proportion-congruent-like contingency learning for arbitrary words (i.e., faster responding for high-contingency trials relative to low-contingency trials). These experiments demonstrate the hallmark pattern of controlled processing that is observed in the proportion-congruent design.
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Are prepared learning contingencies arbitrary?
Did implicit contingency learning occur?
Are all contingency learning tasks associative?
Do associative accounts of contingency learning predict indirect effects?
Does awareness affect the size of a contingency effect?
Are Unpre pared contingencies learned or extinguished cognitively?
Nov 15, 2002 · We proposed that fear learning in humans occurs both at a basic associative level as evidenced by emotional responses (such as autonomic responses), mediated by the amygdala, and at a cognitive level of contingency learning, mediated by the hippocampus in at least its simple forms.
