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- Crusades A series of wars fought from the late eleventh through the thirteenth centuries, in which European kings and warriors set out to gain control of the lands in which Jesus lived, known as the Holy Land.
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Sep 9, 2024 · The Crusades were organized by western European Christians after centuries of Muslim wars of expansion. Their primary objectives were to stop the expansion of Muslim states, to reclaim for Christianity the Holy Land in the Middle East, and to recapture territories that had formerly been Christian.
- The Crusader States
Crusades - Holy War, Kingdoms, Reconquista: A successful...
- The Fifth Crusade
Crusades - Holy Land, Egypt, Jerusalem: Pope Innocent III...
- The Crusade of Frederick II
The treaty of 1229 is unique in the history of the Crusades....
- Crusade as Metaphor
Crusades - Religious Wars, Medieval Europe, Metaphor: One...
- The Third Crusade
Crusades - Saladin, Richard I, Jerusalem: Philip II Augustus...
- The Crusader States
A series of wars fought from the late eleventh through the thirteenth centuries, in which European kings and warriors set out to gain control of the lands in which Jesus lived, known as the Holy Land.
Oct 12, 2018 · The Crusades were a series of military campaigns organised by popes and Christian western powers to take Jerusalem and the Holy Land back from Muslim control and then defend those gains. There were eight major official crusades between 1095 and 1270, as well as many more unofficial ones.
- Mark Cartwright
- The Crusades affected Europe in that great wealth was invested in these wars and many of the ruling class died in them. Military orders were create...
- The three main causes of the crusades were: The Byzantine emperors wanted military help from Europe, the Popes wanted more power and prestige, and...
- The beginning of the Crusades was proclaimed by Pope Urban II.
The Crusades were a series of religious wars initiated, supported, and sometimes directed by the Christian Latin Church in the medieval period.
- The Sermon at Clermont
- The First Crusade
- The Holy Lance
- The Second Crusade
- The Third Crusade
- Saladin
- Richard, Saladin, and Chivalry
- The Fourth Crusade
- The Fifth Crusade
- The Lateran Palace
Pope Urban II's first step after receiving the Byzantine emperor Alexius's appeal for help in liberating the Holy Land(see "A Cry for Help" in Chapter 4) was to plan a church council in Clermont, a city in the south-central French province of Auvergne. The council took place in November 1095. Late in the day on November 27, a crowd began to assembl...
From August through October 1096 groups of trained troops, each under the command of a noble, departed from Europe. Most were from France, although significant numbers were from Germany and Italy. The first group, under the command of a noble named Hugh of Vermandois, arrived at Constantinople in October. This group was followed by others through t...
The discovery of the Holy Lance in Antioch during the First Crusade was almost certainly a hoax. What may be the true lance has been in the hands of various leaders, including the Roman emperor Constantine; Charlemagne ("Charles the Great"), the legendary Frankish king of the late eighth and early ninth centuries; the French emperor Napoleon in the...
The few thousand Europeans who remained in Jerusalem and the other Crusader states—Antioch, Edessa, and Tripoli—knew that they were vulnerable to attack. But for nearly four decades, no one seemed prepared to step forward and lead the Muslims in an effort to expel the colonists from their land. Inspiration finally came from a Turkish leader named I...
Saladin is the common name given to Salah al-Din Yusuf (1137–1193), who by this time had surrounded the Crusader states as sultan of Syria and Egypt. During the Third Crusade and the centuries that followed, his was perhaps the one name of a Muslim warrior that became widely known in other parts of the world, inspiring a mixture of fear and respect...
King Guy and Reynald of Châtillon were both taken prisoner and delivered to Saladin at his tent after the Battle of Hattin. There, Saladin behaved in a way that contributed to his reputation. Gracious in victory, he offered the parched king a drink of water, which Guy gratefully accepted. When Guy tried to offer the goblet to Reynald, Saladin stopp...
A number of legends grew up around Saladin and his willingness to extend the hand of chivalry (courtesy) to Richard. In one battle Richard's horse was killed. Saladin believed that a king, any king, should not have to suffer the indignity of fighting on foot, so he called a truce and had two horses delivered to the English king. On another occasion...
At the time of the Fourth Crusade, the Kingdom of Jerusalem was ruled by a court in exile at the port city of Acre. The kingdom the court ruled was a small strip of land, at its widest about 10 miles (16 kilometers), that ran from Jaffa to Tyre. This holding, along with Antioch and Tripoli, represented the tattered remnants of the original Crusader...
Nothing would change with the Fifth Crusade, which was fated to be yet another disaster for Christians in the East. Jerusalem had signed a treaty with al-Adil, the Syrian chief who controlled the city, and for fifteen years peace reigned in the region. With the treaty due to expire in 1215, the king of Jerusalem appealed to the pope for a new Crusa...
At the time of Pope Innocent III, the Lateran Palace (rather than the modern-day Vatican) was the pope's residence and the seat of the church. It is part of a complex of courtyards, chapels, and halls and includes a magnificent basilica. The Lateran buildings are built on Lateran Hill. During the reign of the Roman emperor Nero, a strange legend de...
Jul 4, 2018 · The Crusades were a series of military campaigns organised by Christian powers in order to retake Jerusalem and the Holy Land back from Muslim control. There would be eight officially sanctioned crusades between 1095 CE and 1270 CE and many more unofficial ones.
Sep 9, 2024 · Eleventh-century Europe abounded in local shrines housing relics of saints, but three great centres of pilgrimage stood out above the others: Rome, with the tombs of Saints Peter and Paul; Santiago de Compostela, in northwestern Spain; and Jerusalem, with the Holy Sepulchre of Jesus Christ’s entombment. Pilgrimage, which had always been ...
