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The River Thames is the longest river in England and flows through London. It has a rich history, geology, wildlife and culture, and is a popular destination for sports and arts.
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River Thames, chief river of southern England. Rising in the Cotswold Hills, its basin covers an area of approximately 5,500 square miles (14,250 square km). The traditional source at Thames Head, which is dry for much of the year, is marked by a stone in a field 356 feet (108.5 metres) above sea level and 3 miles (5 km) southwest of the town of Ci...
The Thames is some 205 miles (330 km) long, running 140 miles (226 km) from the source to the tidal waters limit—i.e., from Thames Head to Teddington Lock—and, as an estuary, a further 65 miles (104 km) from there to The Nore sandbank, which marks the transition from estuary to open sea. Its basin, which receives an annual average precipitation of 27 inches (688 mm), has a complex structure. In its upper course the river drains a broadly triangular area defined by the chalk escarpment of the Chiltern Hills and the Berkshire Downs to the east and south, the Cotswolds to the west, and the Northamptonshire uplands to the north. At Goring Gap it cuts through the chalk escarpment and then drains the land lying north of the dip slope of the North Downs. Its last great tributary, the River Medway, drains much of the low-lying Weald area of Kent and Sussex to the south of London.
Flowing through gently rolling lowlands, the distinctive character of the Thames is pastoral and undramatic. Its average fall between Lechlade and London is less than 20 inches per mile (32 cm per km). The tides and surges of the sea, moreover, have a profound effect on the water level of the river’s lower course. This tidal influence begins to be felt intermittently, for some three hours during a high tide, at Teddington in the west suburbs of London. The transition from freshwater to estuarine reaches occurs closer to central London, around Battersea. At London Bridge, in the heart of the metropolis, the river rises 22 feet (7 metres) on the spring tides and 18 feet (5.5 metres) on the neap tides.
Britannica Quiz
Water and its Varying Forms
Learn about the River Thames, the chief river of southern England, its source, course, tributaries, and tidal influence. Explore its geography, history, and cultural significance with Britannica.
Feb 12, 2020 · Find out the latest warnings and advice for boaters on the River Thames from the Environment Agency. Learn how to use navigation marks, deal with changing river conditions and contact the agency in case of emergency.
Mar 17, 2009 · The River Thames - the facts. Learn more about London's most famous waterway. The River Thames is 215 miles long and has been an important trade route throughout its history. Some people...
Learn about the history, geography and wildlife of the River Thames, the longest river in England. Find out what to do, where to stay and how to enjoy the river with boating, fishing, walking and dining.
Sep 20, 2021 · Learn about the River Thames, the longest river in England and the second longest in the UK, that flows through London and other cities. Discover its history, features, wildlife and human activities along its course and estuary.
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May 5, 2022 · Learn 29 interesting facts about the River Thames, the longest river in England and a symbol of London. Discover its history, length, bridges, wildlife, flooding, skating and more.
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