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What were the Crusades KS3?
Oct 21, 2024 · The Crusades were organized by western European Christians after centuries of Muslim wars of expansion. Their primary objectives were to stop the expansion of Muslim states, to reclaim for Christianity the Holy Land in the Middle East, and to recapture territories that had formerly been Christian.
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- The Crusader States
Oct 12, 2018 · The three main causes of the crusades were: The Byzantine emperors wanted military help from Europe, the Popes wanted more power and prestige, and Christians wanted to regain Jerusalem from Muslim control and protect other sites important to Christianity.
- Mark Cartwright
Find out about why the Crusades began, the importance of the Holy Land and the role of the Church with BBC Bitesize KS3 History. For students aged between 11 to 14.
The Crusades were a series of religious wars fought by Christians from all over Europe in an attempt to retake the Holy Land from the Muslims. The wars began in 1095 and continued until 1291.
- Who Wanted What in The Crusades?
- The Byzantine Empire
- The Pope
- Merchants
- European Knights
- Citizens
- Conclusion
Why the Crusades happened at all is a complex question with multiple answers. As the historian J. Riley-Smith notes: An estimated 90,000 men, women, and children of all classes were persuaded by political and religious leaders to participate in the First Crusade(1095-1102 CE), and their various motivations, along with those of the political and rel...
The Byzantine Empire had long been in control of Jerusalem and other sites holy to Christians but, in the latter decades of the 11th century CE, they lost them dramatically to the Seljuks, a Turkish tribe of the steppe. The Seljuks, already having made several raids into Byzantine territory, shockingly defeated a Byzantine army at the Battle of Man...
Pope Urban II (r. 1088-1099 CE) received Alexios' appeal in 1095 CE, but it was not the first time the Byzantine emperor had asked and got papal help. In 1091 CE the pope had sent troops to help the Byzantines against the Pecheneg steppe nomads who were invading the northern Danube area of the empire. Urban II was again disposed to assistance four ...
Merchants, although not so involved in the First Crusade, certainly became more involved from 1200 CE as they wanted to open up trade routes with the East, even to control such prosperous trade centres as Antioch and Jerusalem. Further, merchants could make a handsome profit from ferrying crusaders across the Mediterranean. Indeed, from the Second ...
By the 11th century CE society in medieval Europe had become increasingly militarised. Central governments simply did not have the means to govern on the ground across every part of their territories. Those who did govern in practice at local level were large landowners, the barons who had castles and a force of knights to defend them. Knights, eve...
Besides knights, the idea of a crusade had to appeal to ordinary foot soldiers, archers, squires, and all the non-combatants needed to support the cavalry units of knights when on campaign. That the ideal did appeal to ordinary folk, including women, is illustrated by such events as the people's army led by the preacher Peter the Hermit which gathe...
As the historian C. Tyerman points out in his God's War, in many ways 1095 CE was the 1914 CE of the Middle Ages - a perfect storm of moral outrage, personal gain, institutionalised political and religious propaganda, peer pressure, societal expectations, and a thirst for adventure, which all combined to inspire people to leave their homes and emba...
- Mark Cartwright
The Crusades were organized by western European Christians after centuries of Muslim wars of expansion. Their primary objectives were to stop the expansion of Muslim states, to reclaim for Christianity the Holy Land in the Middle East, and to recapture territories that had formerly been Christian.
In the Mediterranean Sea, crusading led to the conquest and colonization of many islands, which arguably helped ensure Christian control of Mediterranean trade routes (at least for as long as the islands were held). Crusading also played a role in the conquest of the Iberian peninsula (now Spain and Portugal).
