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There were still remarkable achievements in bronze statuary, as evinced by a hollow-cast bronze statue head in Boston, but gradually Lakonian artists abandoned the characteristic stylistic traits of the region and adopted more generic conventions of Late Archaic Greek art.
They could settle down in new places and found new workshops whose stylistic and iconographic repertory could derive at least partly from the tradition of their founders. For this reason, often fine bronzes are tentatively ascribed to a Spartan workshop, although discovered in Italy, or even beyond, in France or Central Europe.
This revolutionary style would prove central to many poetic traditions, from ancient Rome to medieval France to Renaissance England and into the present.
- Strategy & Grand Strategy
- Ancient Sparta
- Grand Strategy of Sparta
- Enemies & Allies
- Conclusion
Just under a century ago, J. C. F. Fuller drew a sharp distinction between "strategy," which was "more particularly concerned with the movement of armed masses," and what he called "grand strategy" – which, he wrote, "including these movements, embraces the motive forces which lie behind them," whether they be "material" or "psychological." As he p...
The origins of the Spartan regime and the way of life attendant on it are shrouded in legend – and scholars who are interested in the subject have to rely to a considerable degree on educated guesswork. There is, nonetheless, much that is certain – or very nearly so. Early Lacedaemon was a conquest community dependent on the labor of a servile clas...
The grand strategy that, in the course of the Archaic Period(c. 800-479 BCE), the Lacedaemonians gradually worked out for the defense of this way of life was comprehensive, as successful grand strategies generally are. Of necessity, it had domestic consequences on a considerable scale. Its dictates go a long way towards explaining the Spartans' ave...
Not surprisingly, the grand strategy adopted by the Spartans had serious consequences for Lacedaemon's posture in the intercommunal sphere as well. Given the challenges they faced, the Spartans were never sufficiently numerous; and, even in the best of times, their perch was precarious – for they not only had the helots to contend with. To the nort...
Taken as a whole the grand strategy articulated by archaicLacedaemon was brilliantly designed for the purpose it was intended to serve. It had, however, one potential defect. It required on the Spartans' part a policy of isolationism presupposing that for all practical purposes, under Lacedaemon's hegemony, the Peloponnese was a world unto itself –...
- Paul Rahe
My article starts with the words ‘Transforming Sparta’; and its main purpose is to communicate and analyse a number of radical new approaches which have transformed academic understandings of Spartan society over the last generation. The article has three parts.
Oct 15, 2022 · After finally conquering and incorporating Messenia, by 600 BCE, elite aristocratic Spartans came to a compromise with ordinary poorer Spartans to adopt a common, self-denying, communally oriented lifestyle, including Greece’s only compulsory educational cycle for all (agoge), and a strong military orientation – to keep the Helots in their ...
People also ask
Did Sparta lack artistic achievements?
What is transforming Sparta?
Is the history of the Spartan tradition coming to an end?
Should we be impressed with the 'Dark Side' of Spartan society?
Why did Pausanias visit Sparta?
Did Sparta have a wall?
The common assumption that Sparta lacked artistic achievements is incorrect. Pausanias, traveling through Sparta in the second century AD, recorded hundreds of significant buildings – temples, monuments, tombs, and public buildings – that were part and parcel of Spartan art and culture.
