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- Atomic number 2 is the second most abundant element in the universe, after hydrogen. However, the element is rare on Earth (5.2 ppm by volume in the atmosphere) because nonreactive helium is light enough that it can escape Earth's gravity and be lost to space.
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Helium (from Greek: ἥλιος, romanized: helios, lit. 'sun') is a chemical element; it has symbol He and atomic number 2. It is a colorless, odorless, non-toxic, inert, monatomic gas and the first in the noble gas group in the periodic table.
- Basic Helium Facts
- History
- Helium Isotopes
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Name:Helium Atomic Number:2 Element Symbol:He Group:18 (although there are arguments for placing it in Group 2) Period:1 Block:s Element Family:Noble Gas Atomic Mass:4.002602(2) Electron Configuration: 1s2 Appearance:Helium is a colorless, odorless, and tasteless gas.
Discovery:First identified: Pierre Janssen in 1868. First Isolated: Sir William Ramsay in 1895. Janssen was a French astronomer who observed a new yellow spectral line while observing a total solar eclipse in 1868. He assumed it was part of the sodium spectrum. English astronomer Norman Lockyer later observed the same line but could not link it to ...
The natural isotopes of helium are helium-3, which has two protons and one neutron, and helium-4, which has two protons and two neutrons. Both isotopes are stable. He-3 accounts for 1.37 x 10-4% of helium found in the atmosphere. Helium-4 is the most common form of helium. It accounts for 99.999863% of all helium in the atmosphere. There are also s...
Helium has a wide range of applications, including: 1. Cryogenics:Used as a coolant for superconducting magnets, such as those in MRI machines. 2. Balloons and Airships:Due to its lighter-than-air properties. 3. Welding:Acts as a protective gas in arc welding. 4. Breathing Mixtures:For use in deep-sea diving and medical treatments. 5. Scientific Re...
Helium is the second most abundant element in the universe, constituting about 24% of its elemental mass. However, it is relatively rare on Earth. It occurs in: 1. Natural Gas Fields:Helium is extracted from natural gas, where it exists in concentrations up to 7%. Purification is via fractional distillation of liquefied natural gas. 2. Atmosphere:T...
Helium has no known biological role and is considered biologically inert. While it is non-toxic, inhaling it in place of oxygen leads to asphyxiation. Prolonged exposure to high concentrations causes dizziness, nausea, and loss of consciousness.
Density: 0.000164 g/cm3 Melting Point:0.95K (-272.20 ºC or -457.96 ºF) at 2.5 MPa Boiling Point:4.222 K (-2683928 ºC or -452.070 ºF) Triple Point:2.177 K at 5.043 kPa Critical Point:5.1953 K at 227.45 kPa State at 20ºC:Gas Heat of Fusion:0.0138 kJ/mol Heat of Vaporization:0.0829 kJ/mol Molar Heat Capacity:20.78 J/mol·K Magnetic Ordering:Diamagnetic...
Atomic Radius:1.40 Å Covalent Radius:0.37 Å Van der Waals Radius:1.40 Å Electron Affinity:not stable Electronegativity:unknown 1st Ionization Energy:2372.3 kJ/mol 2nd Ionization Energy:5250.5 kJ/mol Common Oxidation State:0
Helium is the lightest and least dense of the noble gases.Helium does not readily form compounds, but a few exist, such as helium fluorohydride (HHeF).Helium was the first element to be discovered outside of Earth. The first evidence of the existence of helium was from spectroscopy data from the Sun.Even though helium is relatively rare on Earth, it is the second most abundant element. Helium accounts for roughly 24% of all elemental mass of the universe.Grochala, Wojciech (2017). “On the position of helium and neon in the Periodic Table of Elements”. Foundations of Chemistry. 20 (2018): 191–207. doi:10.1007/s10698-017-9302-7Janssen, Pierre Jules (1868). “Indication de quelques-uns des résultats obtenus à Cocanada, pendant l’éclipse du mois d’août dernier, et à la suite de cette éclipse” (Information on some of the res...Pinceaux, J.-P.; Maury, J.-P.; Besson, J.-M. (1979). “Solidification of helium, at room temperature under high pressure”. Journal de Physique Lettres. 40 (13): 307–308. doi:10.1051/jphyslet:0197900...Shuen-Chen Hwang, Robert D. Lein, Daniel A. Morgan (2005). “Noble Gases”. Kirk Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology. Wiley. pp. 343–383. doi:10.1002/0471238961.0701190508230114.a01Jun 15, 2021 · Atomic number: 2; Relative atomic mass: 4.00; Density: 0.178×10 –3 g/cm 3 at room temperature – only hydrogen is less dense; Boiling point: –269°C or 4 kelvin, the lowest of any material; Periodic table group: 18 (noble gases) Abundance in Earth’s crust: 2–6 parts per million – on the endangered list.
Helium is the second most abundant element in the universe, but here on earth, it's rather rare. Most people guess that we extract helium from the air, but actually we dig it out of the ground. Helium can be found in certain parts of the world, notably in Texas, as a minor component in some sources of natural gas.
Oct 25, 2024 · The trace of the isotope helium-3 on Earth is attributable to the negative beta decay of the rare hydrogen-3 isotope . Helium-4 is by far the most plentiful of the stable isotopes: helium-4 atoms outnumber those of helium-3 about 700,000:1 in atmospheric helium and about 7,000,000:1 in certain helium-bearing minerals.
- The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica
Dec 3, 2019 · Atomic number 2 is the second most abundant element in the universe, after hydrogen. However, the element is rare on Earth (5.2 ppm by volume in the atmosphere) because nonreactive helium is light enough that it can escape Earth's gravity and be lost to space.
Feb 17, 2022 · One explanation for the higher abundance of even-numbered elements is that helium (atomic number 2) is a major building block for element formation. Fusion of helium nuclei builds subsequent even atomic number elements.
