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Sep 1, 2014 · The term ‘roughness’ permeates the Earth Sciences. The broad concept of roughness is fundamental to the study of many Earth surface processes (Lane, 2005) and is commonly used to describe sub-grid scale topography. Here the importance of roughness across the Earth Sciences is summarised briefly.
- An Isotropic Study
The momentum extracted from fluid flow by the underlying...
- Aerodynamic Roughness of Gravel Surfaces
The interactions between surface winds and gravel surfaces...
- Estimating Aerodynamic Resistance of Rough Surfaces Using Angular Reflectance
The main justification for the simplifying assumption of λ...
- Ripples Superimposed on Sandwaves
It is important to conduct more experiments on combined...
- Field Studies of Aerodynamic Roughness Length
The aerodynamic roughness length (z 0) is governed by...
- On Depressional Storages
Huang and Bradford (1990) have also correctly pointed out...
- An Isotropic Study
- Bulk Deformation Processing
- Sheet-Metal Forming
- Abrasive Processes and Material Removal
- Adhesive Sliding and Three-Body Contact
To understand surface topography in forming processes like rolling and extrusion, we begin with a well-known picture from the early days of tribology−a cross section of a deep indentation made on the surface of annealed copper imprinted with fine grooves (see References 31 and 32. The picture shows that the grooves (asperities) on the surface are e...
At the other end of the spectrum, in terms of constraint on deformation geometry, are sheet-forming processes such as bending and stretching. Here, the surface is essentially unconstrained (plane stress) and free to displace along the surface normal direction during the deformation. In such unconstrained deformation, the surface topography developm...
Material removal during abrasive processes such as machining, grinding, and polishing play an extraordinary important role in determining the surface topography in engineering components. Understanding of the topography evolution is still in its infancy with the surface generation typically being described in textbooks as arising from geometric too...
Once engineering components have been manufactured, many of them, such as the rocks discussed in the beginning of this article, undergo sliding contact during use, which causes further evolution in their surface topography. It is long known that surface roughness controls tribological properties, but much less is known how roughness evolves with ti...
Surface roughness can be regarded as the quality of a surface of not being smooth and it is hence linked to human (haptic) perception of the surface texture. From a mathematical perspective it is related to the spatial variability structure of surfaces, and inherently it is a multiscale property.
Surface roughness has an important effect on the flow in the wall-dominated region (i.e. inner wall region and turbulent zone). Numerous experiments showed that, for a turbulent boundary layer along a rough plate, the ‘law of the wall’ follows:
Rough surfaces are ubiquitous in nature. Near-surface processes both encounter and create surface roughness. Recent advances in surveying have improved the resolution, extent and availability...
Dec 29, 2015 · Summary. Land surface roughness at scales of centimeter to several meters is important in several areas of earth science as well as in the interpretation of remote sensing data. Roughness can be quantified in a variety of ways, but power spectral analysis is best at describing roughness and its scaling properties.
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1 day ago · The Earth’s surface plays a critical role in the Earth system by interacting with the ocean and the atmosphere. To understand the Earth system, scientists must observe how the Earth’s surface changes as a result of interactions between the atmosphere and ocean (coastal erosion, landslides) and how tectonics and volcanism impact the ...
