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- Wanting to reinforce the power of the papacy, Urban seized the opportunity to unite Christian Europe under him as he fought to take back the Holy Land from the Turks.
www.history.com/this-day-in-history/pope-urban-ii-orders-first-crusadePope Urban II orders first Crusade | November 27, 1095 - HISTORY
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Nov 24, 2009 · In 1095, Pope Urban II launched an unprecedented military campaign to seize Jerusalem from Muslims. Over 60,000 Christian warriors fought for years for control of Holy City.
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The five-week siege began on 7 June 1099 and was carried out by the Christian forces of Western Europe mobilized by Pope Urban II after the Council of Clermont in 1095. The city had been out of Christian control since the Muslim conquest of the Levant in 637 and had been held for a century first by the Seljuk Turks and later by the Fatimids .
- 7 June 1099-15 July 1099
- Founding of the Kingdom of Jerusalem
- Crusader victory
- Prologue
- The Siege
- Final Victory & Slaughter
- Aftermath
The First Crusade was conceived by Pope Urban II (r. 1088-1099 CE) following an appeal from the Byzantine emperor Alexios I Komnenos (r. 1081-1118 CE) who wanted to fight back against the expanding Muslim Seljuk Turks who had robbed Byzantium of a good portion of Asia Minor. The fact that Jerusalem, the holiest city in Christendom, had also fallen,...
The man in charge of the defence was Iftikhar ad-Dawla, and he commanded a large garrison of mostly Arab and Sudanese soldiers - perhaps several thousand infantry and an elite cavalry corps of 400 Egyptians. The force was not sufficient to man all sections of the walls, which had just been repaired, although Iftikhar ad-Dawla did have some stone-th...
A group of remaining defenders fled in panic to the Dome of the Rock, but with no possibility of effective defence, they surrendered to Tancred who promptly hoisted his purple banner over the Mosque of al-Aqsa (just as he had done a few months earlier at Bethlehem). Meanwhile, a second group, still commanded by Iftikhar ad-Dawla, rallied in the Tow...
For some historians, the battle at Ascalon marks the end of the First Crusade. Many of the crusaders returned home, including the leaders Raymond of Toulouse, Robert of Normandy, and Robert of Flanders. A fresh wave of crusaders would arrive from Constantinople, and there were more victories, notably at Caesarea on 17 May 1101 CE and Acre shortly a...
- Mark Cartwright
Jul 9, 2018 · The First Crusade (1095-1102) was a military campaign by western European forces to recapture the city of Jerusalem and the Holy Land from Muslim control. Conceived by Pope Urban II following an appeal...
- Mark Cartwright
The First Crusade, initiated by Pope Urban II's call in 1095 at the Council of Clermont, set in motion a massive movement of knights and peasants towards the Holy Land. Driven by a combination of religious fervor, the promise of indulgences, and the lure of land and wealth, thousands embarked on this arduous journey.
Dec 12, 2023 · As Pope, Urban II’s immediate focus was on consolidating papal authority and reasserting the church’s spiritual independence from secular rulers. His diplomatic acumen and fervent advocacy for church reforms underscored his early papacy, laying the groundwork for his broader vision for Christendom.
On November 27, 1095 AD, among a large gathering of Frankish clergy and nobles, Pope Urban II delivered a sermon that set in motion the first of the religious wars between the Christian West and the Muslims in the East, later dubbed the ‘Crusades.’
