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  1. The first Basque expedition recorded in Newfoundland took place in 1517, but it was around 1530s that a regional establishment could be identified. [1] Its assumed that Basque fishermen gradually approached the American continent, by pursuing cod in first instance, and progressively derivating to the more profitable whaling. [1]

    • 10th–11th Century
    • 15th–16th Century
    • 17th Century
    • 18th Century
    • 19th Century

    Until well into the 16th century, Europe's knowledge of the nearest part of America, its eastern extremity at Newfoundland, was misty and uncertain. Claims have been made for the sighting of some part of Canada's Atlantic coastline by the Irish monk St Brendan in the sixth century. However, archaeological excavations at L'Anse aux Meadows near the ...

    Some speculate that seamen from Bristol reached Newfoundland, or thereabouts, as early as the 1480s, predating Columbus's voyage of 1492. However, the only hard evidence points to John Cabot’sEnglish expedition of 1497 as the first known voyage to mainland North America in the new era of overseas discovery. Explorers at this time were seeking a wes...

    An alternative entry into the continent was essential if the English were to challenge the French because in the early 17th century the activities of Samuel de Champlain confirmed and extended Cartier's claims. The century began with a new departure — in 1600 the first European trading post in Canada was established at Tadoussac. In 1603, Champlain...

    In terms of exploring west of Lake Superior, in the latter half of the 17th century the French took the lead. In 1688, Jacques de Noyon reached Rainy Lake, and the next year possibly Lake of the Woods; on these journeys he heard garbled reports of the Winnipeg River and Lake Winnipeg. Here the westward movement halted until the Treaty of Utrecht(17...

    The overland expeditions had spun thin lines of knowledge across the plains, through the mountains and down to the Pacific and Arctic oceans. After Mackenzie, Duncan Mcgillivray organized an expedition that crossed the Rockies by White Man's Pass in 1801, but it stopped well short of the sea. In 1808, Simon Fraser followed the river which was to be...

  2. The Royal Proclamation of 1763 set out the core elements of the relationship between First Nations and the Crown, established the recognition of First Nation rights in Canada, and laid the foundation of the treaty-making process and Canada's territorial evolution.

  3. Feb 7, 2006 · From a military and strategic perspective, Indigenous nations in eastern Canada were desirable allies for the British. From the American Revolution to the 1820s, Indigenous allies like the Shawnee helped to curb American expansionism.

  4. The 1996 Report by the Royal Commission on Aboriginal People described four stages in Canadian history that overlap and occur at different times in different regions: 1) Pre-contact – Different Worlds – Contact; 2) Early Colonies (1500–1763); 3) Displacement and Assimilation (1764–1969); and 4) Renewal to Constitutional Entrenchment (2018). [2][3]

  5. Sep 9, 2018 · First Nations peoples inhabited North America, or Turtle Island, as some cultures call it, for thousands of years before Europeans arrived in the continent. The traditions of many of these cultures tell us that it is their land of origin. Canada, by contrast, is a young nation.

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  7. May 21, 2020 · Though it only existed between 1608 and 1763, the colony of Canada produced a distinct language, culture, and history that still reverberates in the modern nation known as Canada.

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