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Rene Descartes, French mathematician and philosopher, generally regarded as the founder of modern Western philosophy. He is known for his epistemological foundationalism as expressed in the cogito (‘I think, therefore I am’), his metaphysical dualism, and his rationalism based on innate ideas of mind, matter, and God.
- Richard A. Watson
Dec 3, 1997 · René Descartes (1596–1650) is widely regarded as a key figure in the founding of modern philosophy. His noteworthy contributions extend to mathematics and physics. This entry focuses on his philosophical contributions to the theory of knowledge.
Oct 11, 2021 · Edmund Gettier’s famous 1963 paper, “Is Justified True Belief Knowledge?”, popularized the claim that the definition of knowledge as justified true belief had been widely accepted throughout the history of philosophy. [26]
May 20, 2010 · Immanuel Kant (1724–1804) is the central figure in modern philosophy. He synthesized early modern rationalism and empiricism, set the terms for much of nineteenth and twentieth century philosophy, and continues to exercise a significant influence today in metaphysics, epistemology, ethics, political philosophy, aesthetics, and other fields.
Feb 26, 2001 · The problem with ancient philosophy was its reliance on “hypotheses”—claims based on speculation and invention rather than experience and observation. By the time Hume began to write the Treatise three years later, he had immersed himself in the works of the modern philosophers, but found them disturbing, not least because they made the ...
Jul 5, 2013 · Georg Gustav Fülleborn (1769–1803) seems to be the first historian of philosophy to conceive the discipline history of philosophy as problem-based. 20 In his “Verzeichniss einiger philosophischen Modethematum” (1799), he signposted four problems that had been dealt with by various past philosophers: I.
Sep 23, 2024 · Plato (born 428/427 bce, Athens, Greece—died 348/347, Athens) was an ancient Greek philosopher, student of Socrates (c. 470–399 bce), teacher of Aristotle (384–322 bce), and founder of the Academy. He is best known as the author of philosophical works of unparalleled influence and is one of the major figures of Classical antiquity.
