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Oct 13, 2024 · The history of California can be divided into the Native American period (about 10,000 years ago until 1542), the European exploration period (1542–1769), the Spanish colonial period (1769–1821), the Mexican Republic period (1823–1848), and United States statehood (September 9, 1850–present).
History of California. The history of California can be divided into the Native American period (about 10,000 years ago until 1542), the European exploration period (1542–1769), the Spanish colonial period (1769–1821), the Mexican period (1821–1848), and United States statehood (September 9,2021 –present).
Over time, many Spanish families in California erased their African and indigenous ancestry by declaring themselves gente de razón, people of reason — in explicit opposition to California's native peoples. Affluent Spanish families could even purchase certificates of their blood purity from Spain.
- Trade and New Diseases
- Spanish Missions and Colonization
- A New Racial Hierarchy
- A Violent and Fragile New World
Native Californians were accustomed to interacting with an array of outside groups, and they generally welcomed the Spanish as fascinating — if bizarre — trading partners. Spanish sea captains recorded how local native communities greeted arriving ships with gifts of food and other displays of friendship. Driven by curiosity and a desire for Europe...
Spain claimed California but considered it too far north to settle. California remained an uncolonized periphery of the Spanish empire until rumors of British and Russian interest in the region prompted a defensive expansion up the coast. In 1769, a "sacred expedition" (three ships and two overland parties) led by Captain Gaspar de Portolá and Fran...
Spain's empire in the Americas maintained a complex racial classification system that arranged people hierarchically based on the "purity" of their blood. The California frontier — free of imperial bureaucracy and pure-blooded elites — was a place where castas (people of mixed ancestry) could move up the racial hierarchy. Much of the population in ...
As time passed, the lives of Spanish settlers and native peoples became intertwined in a shifting series of uneasy relationships. Spaniards possessed manufactured goods and superior weapons, while natives had far greater numbers and intimate knowledge of the landscape. Motivated by curiosity and self-interest, many native Californians joined Spanis...
• What were the relationships between explorers, missionaries, settlers, rancheros and the Indigenous peoples of California? • When and why did your family or ancestors settle in America?
Aug 26, 2022 · How and why did the Spanish finally settle Alta California? What were the characteristics of the society that they sought to create? How can we evaluate the debate over the modern interpretations of the California missions? What was the status of women in this colonial society? What was the influence of other Europeans on California's history?
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Each section highlights an important part of the history of the colonization of California, any important events, and illustrates the effects on the indigenous tribes of the region. At the bottom is a map that depicts where in California each important event occurred.
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