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The Elaine massacre occurred on September 30 – October 2, 1919, at Hoop Spur in the vicinity of Elaine in rural Phillips County, Arkansas where African Americans were organizing against peonage and abuses in tenant farming. As many as several hundred African Americans and five white men were killed. [ 4 ]
Elaine Defendants: S. A. Jones, Ed Hicks, Frank Hicks, Frank Moore, J. C. Knox, Ed Coleman and Paul Hall with Scipio Jones, State Penitentiary, Little Rock, Pulaski County, Ark. ca. 1925,...
Jun 29, 2024 · The cases of the Elaine Twelve were litigated on two separate tracks. The re-trials of the Ware defendants began on May 3, 1920. During the trials, Murphy became ill, and Jones became the principal counsel.
Dec 30, 2021 · In the case of Moore vs. Dempsey, the court ruled in favor of the wrongly convicted Black men. The rushed trials, all-white jury, and confessions induced by torture violated the men’s 14th Amendment right to due process.
Aug 5, 2016 · On October 31, 1919, the Phillips County grand jury charged 122 African Americans with crimes stemming from the racial disturbances. The charges ranged from murder to nightriding, a charge akin to terroristic threatening. The trials began the next week.
Dempsey declared that state rulings could be challenged in federal court to see if defendants had been denied their constitutional rights. Despite a favorable ruling from the U.S. Supreme Court, the case was not over. The Moore defendants were still in jail and could have faced a re-trial.
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Dec 15, 2020 · The defendants were given defense attorneys who were part of the white establishment. They did not interview their clients nor did they prepare a defense for each. At trial these lawyers did little to assist the defendants through their arguments or questioning of witnesses.
