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The sharecroppers who gathered at a small church in Elaine, Arkansas, in the late hours of September 30, 1919, knew the risk they were taking. Upset about unfair low wages, they enlisted the help...
The Elaine massacre occurred on September 30 – October 2, 1919, at Hoop Spur in the vicinity of Elaine in rural Phillips County, Arkansas where African Americans were organizing against peonage and abuses in tenant farming. As many as several hundred African Americans and five white men were killed. [4]
Jun 29, 2024 · The cases of the Elaine Twelve were litigated on two separate tracks. The re-trials of the Ware defendants began on May 3, 1920. During the trials, Murphy became ill, and Jones became the principal counsel.
Dec 15, 2020 · The defendants were given defense attorneys who were part of the white establishment. They did not interview their clients nor did they prepare a defense for each. At trial these lawyers did little to assist the defendants through their arguments or questioning of witnesses.
- Rayman L. Solomon, Rayman L. Solomon
- raysol@law.rutgers.edu
- 2021
Aug 5, 2016 · On October 31, 1919, the Phillips County grand jury charged 122 African Americans with crimes stemming from the racial disturbances. The charges ranged from murder to nightriding, a charge akin to terroristic threatening. The trials began the next week.
When it was time to argue the Elaine 12 case before the Supreme Court, the NAACP decided to replace Jones with Moorfield Storey of Boston, founding president of the NAACP since 1909, and former assistant U.S. attorney Ulysses S. Bratton of Little Rock.
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Oct 1, 2021 · Hundreds of Black residents of Phillips County were arrested on spurious charges, and a dozen sentenced to death; they were known as the Elaine Twelve, and their death sentences would later be thrown out by the Arkansas Supreme Court and the United States Supreme Court. Fifteen years later, when a group of Black and white sharecroppers and ...
