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Nov 10, 2020 · The Chu rulers were at least somewhat distinctive in their nomenclature; the rulers referred to themselves as “kings” (wang 王), rather than as one or another of the Zhou titles of nobility (gong 剬, hou 侯, bo 佰, zi 子, and nan 男); in Zhou usage the title wang was reserved for the Zhou ruler alone.
Chu was one of the first states to break with the established custom and give its rulers the title of wang, or “king,” thus removing any pretense of overall Zhou suzerainty.
- The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica
Sep 4, 2017 · These materials comprise several dozen historical anecdotes, a semi-legendary history (Rongchengshi 容成氏), a sketchy history of Chu's capitals and royal palaces (Chuju 楚居), and a more detailed Chu-focused history of inter-state relations from the eleventh to the early fourth century BCE (Xinian 繫年).
- Yuri Pines
- 2018
- Zhou (Chou) Dynasty
- Periods of The Zhou Dynasty
- Zhou Achievements and Advances
- Zhou Period Development
- Earliest Iron in China
- Meteorite Iron Objects from China
- Meteorite Iron Versus Smelted Iron in China
- China’s Transition from The Bronze Age to The Iron Age
- Zhou Rulers
- Zhou Come to Power
The Zhou Dynasty (Chou Dynasty) followed the Shang dynasty and lasted, by most reckonings, from 1027 or 1050 B.C. to 256 B.C. It ruled parts of northern China and governed over a larger area than the Shang, but feudal states under it had a large measure of authority over their own affairs. The Zhou originally hailed from what is now the Shaanxi Pro...
The Zhou Dynasty (1050–256 B.C.) period is divided into: 1) the Western Zhou (1050–771 B.C.) and 2) Eastern Zhou (771–256 B.C.). Within the Eastern Zhou period are the Spring and Autumn Period (770–475 B.C.) and 4) Warring States Period (475–221 B.C.). There are some variations in the dates. According to the Metropolitan Museum of Art: In the first...
Under the Zhou, China was changed dramatically by the intensification of agriculture, the development of a bureaucracy, the inventions of iron technology and the spread of urbanization and commerce. During the latter part of the Zhou reign — in the Spring and Autumn period (771-482 B.C.) and the Warring States period (481-221 B.C.) — China expanded...
According to the National Palace Museum, Taipei: “The Zhou were adept at farming, and had well established themselves in the Shaanxi Guanzhong area by the twelfth century B.C., around Qishan, Zhouyuan, and the Jing and Wei rivers. Building up their strength, the Zhou eventually brought together a coalition of tribes to launch an expeditionary force...
The earliest t iron in China dates to the Zhou period. The earliest iron foundry yet discovered in China was found in the Yangtze area. In May 2003, archeologists announced they found remains of an iron casting workshop along the Yangtze River, dating back to the Eastern Zhou Dynasty (770 B.C.-256 B.C.) and the Qin Dynasty (221 -207 B.C.). Iron sme...
Jay Bennett wrote in National Geographic: In China, a knife and a pole weapon with a dagger-ax called a ge, both with meteoritic iron blades, were found in the tombs of two men, possibly brothers, who ruled the Guo state in the eighth or ninth century B.C. The weapons were probably ceremonial, like those with jade blades from this time, says Kunlon...
In 1995, Donald B. Wagner of the University of Copenhagen wrote: “Until very recently it was a reasonable hypothesis that the first use of iron in China was in the Southeast, perhaps in the 6th century B.C., and that is the position I took in my book, Iron and steel in ancient China (Leiden: Brill, 1993, ch. 2-3). New finds, together with old finds...
Dr. Robert Eno of Indiana University wrote: “While bronze was the most advanced mode of technology throughout the late Shang and early Zhou, sometime during the sixth century B.C., China developed iron technology. The spread of iron technology improved agricultural techniques and yields, thus making greater populations possible, and also improved t...
Personal name — Posthumous name — Reign period Fa — King Wu of Zhou — 1046–1043 B.C., 1045–1043 B.C. Song — King Cheng of Zhou — 1042–1021 B.C., 1042/1035–1006 B.C. Zhao — King Kang of Zhou — 1020–996 B.C., 1005/1003–978 B.C. Xia — King Zhao of Zhou — 995–977 B.C., 977/975–957 B.C. Man — King Mu of Zhou — 976–922 B.C., 956–918 B.C. Yihu — King Gong...
The Zhou came to power when Emperor Wen led a revolt against the Shang dynasty. His son Emperor Wu was the first official Zhou emperor. Zhou emperors were priest kings who regarded themselves as "Sons of Heaven" with a "Mandate from Heaven" to rule.Patricia Buckley Ebrey of the University of Washington wrote: “In about 1050 B.C. the Shang dynasty w...
In the early decades of the Zhou period, King Cheng of Zhou 周成王 (r. 1116-1079 BCE) made the family Mi regional rulers over the country of Chu in the middle Yangtze valley. From that time on they adopted the family name Mi, yet the rulers retained the surname Xiong.
After Liu Bang deposed the first king of Chu, Han Xin, who had ruled for only two years, and installed Liu Jiao (r.201-179BCE), the twelve successor kings of Chu were all descendants of the Liu clan, the ruling family of the Western Han.
of Zhou to Xiong Yi, an early Chu lord, in the late eleventh century B.C. (Shiji 40.5–6 (645)). This was an early example of the fengjian system by which territories were assigned to members of the extended family of the Zhou rulers for governance in perpetuity (Li F. 2003a, 2006: 110–116).
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