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The psychological school of behaviourism was founded in 1913 by the American John B. Watson (1925) and domi-nated the academic understanding of learning for about 60 years, especially in Anglophone countries.
- Cognitive Theoretical Themes
- Social Constructivist Themes
- Acknowledging Individual Differences
Cognitive psychology has furnished rich explanatory systems to account for the detailed mechanisms of attending, reasoning, remembering and other aspects of human thought. Therefore, it is not surprising to find that such systems are invoked when characterising the ideal conditions for learning and, from there, to help define methods of instruction...
Some theories about learning locate an important opportunity for influence and innovation within the interpersonal context of learning. This may be defined at the level of one-to-one social interaction and its structure. Or it may be defined in terms of the broader community level of social organization. Accordingly, such theorising offers advice t...
Students do not enter situations of learning as blank slates. They bring with them different resources of existing knowledge and also different histories of involvement with learning as a cultural practice—some will be idiosyncratic, some will reflect the influence of cultural and institutional traditions of education. Students also bring other per...
- Charles Crook, Rosamund Sutherland
- 2017
John B. Watson (1914) called Thorndike's approach behaviorism; it was the ultimate mechanistic psychology. Everything remotely related to the mind was discarded.
Jul 8, 2017 · One of the claims by founder, George Siemens, was that connectivism was the only learning theory for the digital age because it was the first learning theory to consider technology. This fact, he argued, is what made connectivism a unique theory of learning for the digital age.
- Linda Harasim
- harasim@sfu.ca
special or overlapping theories of learning are constantly being developed, some of them referring back to more traditional understandings, others trying to explore new possibilities and ways of thinking.
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Feb 28, 2019 · Learning involves a stimulus–response sequence. Edward L. Thorndike (1905) developed an stimulus–response (S-R) theory of learning. In stimulus–response theory, knowledge is defined as a learner’s collection of specific responses to stimuli that are represented in behavioral objectives (Koehler & colleagues, 2014).
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Oct 5, 2010 · Based on these strategies and orientations, Vermunt derives four learning styles: undirected, where there is difficulty in assimilating learning material, coping with the volume of material and prioritising the importance of components of the material; reproduction, where little or no effort is made to understand but instead information is ...
