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Turabian style
- Revised on April 9, 2024. The information in this article is largely drawn from Turabian style —a version of Chicago style aimed at students and researchers.
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May 26, 2022 · Chicago style that has been modified for students is known as Turabian style and is documented in A Manual for Writers, originally by Kate L.Turabian, now in its 8th edition. Gump, S. (2019). Kate L. Turabian.
- Anne Zald
- 2020
- General Formatting
- Title Page
- Headings
- Block Quotes
- Numbers and Acronyms
- In-Text Citations and Notes
- Bibliography Or Reference List
Chicago doesn’t require a specific font or font size, but recommends using something simple and readable (e.g., 12 pt. Times New Roman). Use margins of at least 1 inch on all sides of the page. The main text should be double-spaced, and each new paragraph should begin with a ½ inch indent. Text should be left-aligned and not “justified” (meaning th...
A Chicago title pageisn’t required—often it’s sufficient to just include your title at the top of the first page—but if you’re asked to include one, Turabian provides guidelines for how to present it. All text on the title page should be center-aligned and double-spaced, and written in the same font as the rest of your text. The title should appear...
Headingsshould use headline capitalization: If you use different levels of heading (e.g., chapters, sections, subheadings), make sure your presentation makes clear which type of headingeach one is. All headings of one level should be presented the same way, and higher-level headings should stand out more from the text. For example, you might use a ...
Prose quotations of five or more lines (or more than 100 words), as well as poetry quotations of two or more lines, are presented as block quotes. Block quotes do not use quotation marks. Instead, a blank line separates them from the surrounding text on both sides and they are indented by an additional ½ inch. Unlike the rest of the text, they are ...
Chicago recommends using words, not numerals, for numbers lower than 100. For example, you would write “ninety-five,” not “95.” But numerals should still be used when you’re referring to a specific measurement (e.g., “15 cm”) and when using decimals (e.g., “1.5”). Acronymsshould be introduced the first time you refer to the thing they stand for: Af...
Chicago provides guidelines for not one but two citation styles: author-date and notes and bibliography. In author-date style, citations are placed directly in the text in parentheses. In this style, you have some flexibility about how exactly to integrate the citation: In notes and bibliography style, citations appear in Chicago footnotes or endno...
At the end of your paper, you’ll likely include a bibliography (for notes and bibliography style) or a reference list(for author-date). Bibliographies and reference lists are not double-spaced, but leave a blank line between entries. If an entry extends onto a second line, a ½ inch indent should be applied to all but the first line of the entry. If...
If we write something in an assignment and we don’t say where the idea or argument comes from, we could be accused of plagiarism. This guide will give you brief advice on how to refer to commonly used sources using the Chicago Style 17th Edition. Chicago is a notes and bibliography system. Notes.
Chicago style that has been modified for students is known as Turabian style. Communication research most often relies on American Psychological Association (APA) style to format documents and cite sources; however, it is important that scholars become well versed in a variety of documentation and citation styles ...
This manual, which presents what is commonly known as the "Turabian" citation style, follows the two CMOS patterns of documentation but offers slight modifications suited to student texts. Notes and Bibliography (NB) in Chicago style
The Chicago Manual of Style (17th edition) contains guidelines for two styles of citation: notes and bibliography and author-date. Notes and bibliography is the most common type of Chicago style citation, and the main focus of this article.
Mar 22, 2024 · This referencing style guide is based on the Chicago Manual of Style, 17th Edition. It has many different reference types. It gives detailed examples of how these references should be formatted in the "Notes and Bibliography" style.
