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After the outbreak of war, people from across Europe were deported to Mauthausen, which gradually developed into a system of several interconnected camps. During this phase, Mauthausen and Gusen were the concentration camps with the harshest imprisonment conditions and the highest mortality.
- Forced Labour in The Arms Industry
Concentration camp prisoners during the construction of the...
- The Gusen Branch Camp
Gusen concentration camp after the liberation, May 1945...
- Liberation
On 3 May 1945 the last members of the SS fled the Mauthausen...
- Mühlviertel Hare Hunt
Interior of Block 20, 2. Februar 1945 (photo credits:...
- The System of Prisoner Functionaries
Drawing by Bernard Aldebert: "Gusen II", 1945 (Illustration:...
- Murdering The Sick
Many of the sick had previously been transferred back to the...
- Forced Labour in The Arms Industry
From August 1938 until May 1945, Mauthausen was a site of torment, slave labor, and mass death. For 90,000-95,000 people, liberation came far too late.
- Malloryk
Mauthausen was a German Nazi concentration camp on a hill above the market town of Mauthausen (roughly 20 kilometres (12 mi) east of Linz), Upper Austria. It was the main camp of a group with nearly 100 further subcamps located throughout Austria and southern Germany. [2][3] The three Gusen concentration camps in and around the village of St ...
- Prisoners in Mauthausen: Overview
- Category III Camp
- Jewish Prisoners
- Women Prisoners
- Operation K
- Sections of The Mauthausen Camp
- Medical Experiments
- Shooting, Hanging, Mistreatment, and Harsh Conditions
During the war, the SS incarcerated more than 10,000 Soviet prisoners of war at Mauthausen, including 3,000 held at the Mauthausen subcamp Gusen. Nationals of virtually every German-occupied country in World War II came through Mauthausen. These included, among those prisoners who were registered: 1. more than 37,000 non-Jewish Poles 2. nearly 23,0...
In January 1941, SS General Reinhard Heydrich, the chief of the Reich Main Office for Security (Reichssicherheitshauptamt; RSHA), designated Mauthausen as a category III concentration camp, in which the SS would incarcerate only those prisoners whom the RSHA deemed to be "severely incriminated, especially previously convicted criminals and asocials...
Before May 1944, the SS incarcerated relatively few Jews at Mauthausen. The total number of Jewish prisoners at Mauthausen between 1938 and the end of February 1944 was around 2,760. Most of them were reported dead by the end of 1943. From March through December 1944, at least 13,826 Jews arrived in Mauthausen, most of them Hungarian and Polish Jew...
The first women registered as prisoners at Mauthausen (as opposed to Ravensbrück, arrived on October 5, 1943. With the arrival of more women in 1944, the Inspectorate of Concentration Camps classified Mauthausen as a women's concentration camp (Frauen-Konzentrationslager) on September 15, 1944. By the end of September 1944, 459 women were in the ma...
In March 1944, the German Armed Forces High Command(OKW) issued a decree (so-called “Bullet Decree” or “Operation K”) mandating the transport of escaped and recaptured prisoners of war, other than British and US prisoners, to Mauthausen to be shot. The decree applied to all recaptured officers and those recaptured non-commissioned officers deemed n...
The main Mauthausen camp (Stammlager) had three principal sections: 1. Camp I, the original protective detention camp 2. Camp II, the camp workshop area, where prisoners were forced to work, and which the SS later converted to prisoner barracks in spring 1944 3. Camp III, built in the spring and summer of 1944 to accommodate the influx of Hungarian...
German doctors subjected Mauthausen prisoners to pseudoscientific medical experiments, including testing levels of testosterone, experimenting with delousing chemicals, medicines for tuberculosis, and nutrition experiments. Camp physician Hermann Richter surgically removed significant organs—e.g., stomach, liver, or kidneys—from living prisoners so...
The SS also killed thousands of prisoners by shooting, hanging, and mistreatment. Tens of thousands more died as a direct result of the harsh living conditions in the camp, succumbing to starvation, exposure, and disease. After the SS Economic-Administration Main Office (SS-Wirtschafts-Verwaltungshauptamt; WVHA) assumed control of the Inspectorate ...
On January 25, 1945, one of the death march transports from Auschwitz reached Mauthausen. Auschwitz and its complex of camps was being evacuated in the face of the advancing Soviet forces. In one week 9,000 prisoners of various nationalities arrived in the camp, the majority of them Jews.
Apr 8, 2024 · In 1949, Mauthausen concentration camp was named a national memorial site, with the Mauthausen Museum opening in ’75 – 30 years after it was liberated. While the primary structure remains standing, those of the sub-camps have largely been demolished and replaced by residential buildings.
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May 6, 2024 · This interactive map provides a visual representation of the locations of selected Nazi concentration camps that were liberated by the U.S. Army in spring 1945. Individuals accused of war crimes against civilians and Allied prisoners of war in these camps were tried after the war under the jurisdiction of the United States.