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STIGMA AS A FUNDAMENTAL CAUSE. Fundamental cause theory proposes that some social factors or circumstances remain persistently associated with health inequalities over time despite dramatic changes in diseases, risk factors, and health interventions.
Conflict in society, lack of knowledge, specific characteristics of the disease, and the contagious nature of disease are the main causes of stigma, leading to stigmatization by different groups such as significant others, generalized others, institutional others, and macro others.
Dec 6, 2017 · This chapter defines stigma, describes differences among stigmatized marks, and discusses the functions that stigma may serve for individuals, groups, and societies. It also provides a conceptual model of the pathways by which stigma relates to health.
- Leprosy
- Epilepsy
- Mental Health
- Cancer
- HIV
- Overweight and Obesity
Leprosy is perhaps the oldest stigmatized health condition known to humankind . Most major religious scriptures make mention of leprosy, often as a condition to be avoided and/or as a divine supernatural punishment for sin or breaking a taboo . The notion that leprosy – or a group of skin diseases that included leprosy – was contagious was already ...
Epilepsy is a neurological condition characterized by chronic or recurrent seizures. Seizures can lead to individuals crying out, collapsing, bleeding or foaming from the mouth, and losing control of urine and/or stools, and can therefore be frightening to those experiencing or witnessing them. Epilepsy is both concealable and unpredictable – it ma...
Mental health-related stigma is often grounded in stereotypes that persons with mental health issues are dangerous (unpredictable, violent), responsible for their mental health issue, cannot be controlled nor recover, and should be ashamed . Persons with mental health issues are often viewed as incompetent and unable to work or live independently ....
Cancer encompasses a large group of diseases characterized by the uncontrolled growth and spread of abnormal cells. Despite the fact that many cancers can be cured or at least effectively controlled, it remains a highly stigmatized condition, with some types of cancer more stigmatized than others . One key factor in the stigmatization of different ...
HIV is a potentially life-threatening disease caused by a virus that weakens the immune system and spreads through blood and sexual contact. HIV-related stigma is driven by several factors, including (1) fear of infection, where people living with HIV (PLHIV) may be perceived as threatening due to the infectious nature of HIV; (2) concerns about pr...
The stigma associated with weight is particularly strong, pervasive, and openly expressed. There seem to be minimal social norms prohibiting weight shaming, making it particularly problematic. It develops relatively early in socialization, emerging as early as 31 months [112]. Obesity and overweight are often perceived as culturally non-normative, ...
- Anne L. Stangl, Valerie A. Earnshaw, Carmen H. Logie, Wim van Brakel, Leickness C. Simbayi, Iman Bar...
- 2019
Dec 6, 2017 · One major pathway by which stigma undermines health is via discrimination, or enacted stigma (Scambler & Hopkins, 1986). Enacted stigma refers to behaviors or policies that emanate directly from bias (negative stereotypes and prejudice) toward stigmatized groups.
Dec 6, 2017 · stigma exists when the following interrelated components converge. In the first component, people distinguish and label human differences. In the second, dominant cultural beliefs link labeled persons to undesirable characteristics—to negative stereotypes.
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Jun 10, 2024 · This Perspective presents a model that integrates mechanisms that explain the association between stigma and mental health that are shared across multiple stigmatized populations.
