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Oct 3, 2024 · There are 3 main types of natural hazard: Geophysical – caused by land processes – examples include earthquakes, volcanic activity and mass movements such as landslides and mudflows. Atmospheric – caused by meteorological or climatic processes – examples include tropical storms and wildfires
Hazard mitigation includes interventions made in advance of disasters to prevent or reduce the potential for physical harm and social disruption. There are two major types of hazard mitigation.
- Geophysical Hazards
- Meteorological Hazards
- Hydrological Hazards
- Climatological Hazards
- Biological Hazards
- Extraterrestrial Hazards
- Hazards Statistics
Geophysical hazards (or geological hazards) are hazards caused by internal Earth processes, in particular, plate tectonics. They originate from solid Earth and include earthquakes, volcanic activity, and mass movement (dry). In general, they are beyond human influence, although humans have a huge influence on their impact. Hydrological and meteorol...
Meteorological hazards are hazards caused by short-lived, micro- to mesoscale extreme weather and atmospheric conditions (in the range from minutes to days). They are generally caused by weather factors, such as air temperature, precipitation, wind, and humidity, and include various types of storms, extreme temperatures, and fog.
Hydrological hazards are hazards caused by deviations in the normal water cycle. In general, they are associated with water occurrence, movement, and distribution. They include floods, landslides, and wave action. It is important to highlight the problem of tsunami classification. Although tsunamis are triggered by undersea earthquakes and other ge...
Climatological hazards are hazards caused by long-lived, meso- to macroscale atmospheric processes (in the range from intra-seasonal to multi-decadal climate variability). They include droughts, glacial lake outbursts, and wildfire.
Biological hazards are hazards caused by exposure to living organisms and their toxic substances (such as venom or mold) or vector-borne diseases that they may carry. They include epidemics, insect infestation, and animal accidents. Many typologies of natural hazards exclude biological hazards, classifying them into the realm of medicine and public...
Extraterrestrial hazards are hazards caused by asteroids, meteoroids, and comets as they pass near the Earth, enter the Earth’s atmosphere, and/or strike the Earth. They affect the Earth’s magnetosphere, ionosphere, and thermosphere by causing changes in interplanetary conditions. They include space weather and impact. While extraterrestrial hazard...
The information and data on natural hazards used in this entry are derived from global disaster database, the Emergency Events Database (EM-DAT), maintained by Centre for Research on the Epidemiology of Disasters (CRED), which places a particular focus on human fatalities, displaced and affected people, as well as data on insured and overall losses...
- a.milanovic@gi.sanu.ac.rs
hazard (earthquake) leading to a second ary hazard such as a tsunami, which eventually triggers a disaster on a man-made establishment. The resultant tsunami waves and flooding damaged the nuclear plant in Japan, which was created by man. This tragic event in Japan illustrated the interaction between a natural and human-induced disaster.
May 28, 2013 · Emphasizes the interactive nature of the production of hazards and provides a framework for understanding the causes behind increasing loss despite relatively static levels of most natural processes. Provides diverse examples to underscore the role that humans’ decisions play in disaster.
A natural hazard is an extreme event that occurs naturally and causes harm to humans – or to other things that we care about, though usually the focus is on humans (which, we might note, is anthropocentric). An extreme event is simply an unusual event; it does not necessarily cause harm.
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Apr 5, 2024 · Hazard identification is the first step in the risk assessment process and addresses two fundamental questions: is a chemical substance or material potentially hazardous to humans or the environment? and if so, what effects are possible following exposure under certain sets of conditions?
