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Centered on the left (west) bank of the Rhine, Cologne is located on the River Rhine (Lower Rhine), about 35 km (22 mi) southeast of the North Rhine-Westphalia state capital Düsseldorf and 25 km (16 mi) northwest of Bonn, the former capital of West Germany.
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Cologne, fourth largest city in Germany and largest city of the Land (state) of North Rhine–Westphalia. One of the key inland ports of Europe, it is the historic, cultural, and economic capital of the Rhineland.
Cologne’s commercial importance grew out of its position at the point where the huge traffic artery of the Rhine (German: Rhein) River intersected one of the major land routes for trade between western and eastern Europe. In the Middle Ages it also became an ecclesiastical centre of significance and an important centre of art and learning. This rich and varied heritage is still much in evidence in present-day Cologne, despite the almost complete destruction of the Inner City (Innenstadt) during World War II. Cologne is the seat of a university and the see of a Roman Catholic archbishop. Its cathedral, the largest Gothic church in northern Europe, was designated a UNESCO World Heritage site in 1996; it is the city’s major landmark and unofficial symbol. Area 156 square miles (405 square km). Pop. (2011) 1,005,775; (2021 est.) 1,073,096.
Cologne is situated about 21 miles (34 km) northwest of Bonn and 25 miles (40 km) southeast of Düsseldorf. It lies 210 feet (65 metres) above sea level, just below where the Rhine enters the fertile North German Plain. The river at this point is navigable to seagoing vessels. The immediate surroundings of Cologne are varied. The picturesque hills of the Bergisches Land lie to the east, while on the west is another group of hills forming a chain called the Ville. The North German Plain stretches away to the north and northwest, and the Rhine Valley winds to the southeast toward Bonn.
The greatest distance across the city from west to east is about 17 miles (27 km) and from north to south about the same. There are 85 districts, divided into nine Bezirke (city areas). Most of the city lies on the left (west) bank of the river, but it also incorporates a cluster of suburbs on the right bank, some of which were annexed in 1975. The climate of the region is temperate but humid. Average temperatures in the Cologne area are 36 °F (2 °C) in January and 64 °F (18 °C) in July.
The semicircular shape of the Inner City was originally determined by a defensive wall, 4 miles (6 km) long, that was completed in about 1200. The wall enclosed several formerly separate parishes and afforded protection for some 35,000 to 40,000 people. (At that time Cologne was bigger than Paris.) The flat side of the semicircle was formed by the Rhine. In the 1880s the medieval fortifications were demolished and replaced by a chain of ring roads, called the Ringstrassen.
Although Cologne has spread far beyond the confines of the Ringstrassen, its focal point is still within this area, the Inner City. There are found the main shopping and business streets—such as the Hohe Strasse (north-south) and Schildergasse (west-east), both of which have been closed to motor vehicles—as well as the city’s historic buildings. Several bridges span the river at Cologne; five of them were rebuilt after World War II, and the rest were postwar additions.
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- Koelner Dom. With its remarkable twin-spire church, the Cologne Cathedral is Germany's most visited tourist attraction. Stand humbled in the nave surrounded by stained glass and vaulting ceilings, but know you won't be alone—around 20,000 people flock to the cathedral on a daily basis.
- Schokoladen Museum. Dig into the rich 5,000-year history of chocolate. Learn how a humble jungle pod is turned into everyone's favourite sweet treat.
- Museum Ludwig. Chocolatier and magnate Peter Ludwig gave his name to Cologne's most prominent collection of modern art. The renowned institution is home to the third largest collection of Picasso works in the world, following Paris and Barcelona.
- Herr Pimock. Fuel up at the classic but modern German bistro for a fresh flammkuchen (German pizza) or a hearty burger. The comfortably-priced eatery is a casual pit stop with commendable service.
Sep 29, 2024 · It can be found right next to the River Rhine which is the second longest river in Central and Western Europe, after the Danube (the Rhine goes through Germany, France, Switzerland, Netherlands, Austria and Liechtenstein).
Cologne is home to about one million people — and about six million visitors come to this metropolis on the Rhine every year to explore the city and its tourist attractions. Of course the most outstanding highlights are Cologne Cathedral and the city’s 12 famous Romanesque churches.
Here you will find everything you need to know for carefree days in Cologne. Experience exciting museums, enjoy a refreshing Kölsch beer in a rustic atmosphere or unwind at many great events.
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The top attractions and activities in Cologne include the breathtaking Cologne Cathedral, indulging in delicious chocolate at the Chocolate Museum, exploring the charming Altstadt (Old Town), taking a relaxing Rhine River cruise, shopping on Schildergasse, and going on the best tours available.
