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- Phoenicia was an ancient Semitic-speaking thalassocratic civilization that originated in the Levant region of the eastern Mediterranean, primarily modern Lebanon. At its height between 1100 and 200 BC, Phoenician civilization spread across the Mediterranean, from Cyprus to the Iberian Peninsula.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Phoenicia
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Phoenicia was an ancient Semitic-speaking thalassocratic civilization that originated in the Levant region of the eastern Mediterranean, primarily modern Lebanon. [1][2] At its height between 1100 and 200 BC, Phoenician civilization spread across the Mediterranean, from Cyprus to the Iberian Peninsula. The Phoenicians came to prominence ...
- From Trading Posts to Colonies
- Dating The Process
- Cyprus & The Islands
- North Africa
- Italy
- Spain
- Relationship with The Homeland
- Legacy
The Phoenicians were great traders and great navigators, and this combination of skills almost inevitably resulted in them establishing colonies wherever they went. The major Phoenician trade routes were by sea to the Greek islands, across southern Europe, down the Atlantic coast of Africa, and up to ancient Britain. In addition, Arabia and Indiawe...
According to ancient writers, Phoenician colonization began from the 12th century BCE, but some modern historians consider this too early a date and suggest the process was contemporary with Greek colonization in the 8th century BCE. Still other scholars suggest that Phoenician contact with many sites must have been earlier than this and cite such ...
The geographical proximity of Cyprus probably meant it was one of the first places to be colonized by the Phoenicians, perhaps as early as the 11th century BCE. Resources on the island which motivated Phoenician expansion included timber and copper. The most important city was Kition but others included Golgoi, Idalion, Tamassos, Marion, and Lapeth...
Phoenicia had always had strong trade links with Egypt and trading posts were probably established there as early as anywhere else. Further along the northern coast of Africa with its fertile soil and access to interior trade goods such as ivory, the ancient sources state that Utica was established in c. 1101 BCE by Sidon. Carthage, according to th...
Sicilywas colonized by the Phoenicians, although they withdrew to the western part of the island when challenged by the Greeks. Cities such as Motya, Panormo (modern Palermo), and Solunto were founded from the 8th century BCE. At the same time, colonies were established on the strategically important islands of Lampedusa, Malta, and Pantelleria. Ag...
In antiquity, Spain was a rich source of silver which the Phoenicians were able to trade from indigenous peoples for relatively low-value goods such as glass, oil, and pottery. Ancient sources state that Gades(Cadiz) was established in c. 1110 BCE but the evidence is scant for such an early date and the subject controversial. Nevertheless, Tarshish...
The colonies established by the Phoenicians would vary in their proximity to the home territory's own culture and practices depending on their geographical location and the strength of the indigenous culture already present. North Africa became, perhaps, more 'Phoenician' than any other territory. Elements of the Phoenician religion were adopted, g...
The Phoenician colonies eventually became either absorbed by local cultures or contemporary civilizations keen to expand themselves. For example, Cyprus was conquered by the Assyrian king Sargon II at the end of the 8th century BCE, Nebuchadnezzar besieged Tyre in the early 6th century BCE, and the Greeks became more ambitious in their own colonial...
- Mark Cartwright
3 days ago · Phoenicia, ancient region along the eastern Mediterranean corresponding to modern Lebanon, with adjoining parts of modern Syria and Israel. Its location among major trade routes made the Phoenicians notable merchants, traders, and colonizers. The chief cities of Phoenicia included Byblos, Sidon, Tyre, and Beirut.
- The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica
Apr 3, 2024 · Before the Greeks and Romans, the Phoenicians ruled the Mediterranean. The core of Phoenician territory was the city-state of Tyre, in what-is-now Lebanon. Phoenician civilization lasted from approximately 1550 to 300 B.C.E., when the Persians, and later the Greeks, conquered Tyre.
The Phoenicians established colonies and trading posts across the Mediterranean; Carthage, a settlement in northwest Africa, became a major civilization in its own right in the seventh century BC.
Apr 28, 2016 · The ancient historian Diodorus claimed that the Phoenicians reached the Atlantic islands of Madeira, the Canary Islands, and the Azores. There is, though, no archaeological evidence of direct Phoenician contact, only the discovery in 1749 CE of eight Carthaginian coins dating to the 3rd century BCE.
Sep 29, 2020 · The Phoenicians developed trading networks across the Mediterranean and, to support these, they established small colonies along the coasts of Europe and North Africa – reaching as far west as modern-day Spain.
