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1794
- In the 19th and 20th centuries, European universities concentrated upon science and research, their structures and philosophies having shaped the contemporary university. The French Ecole Polytechnique was established in 1794 by the mathematician Gaspard Monge during the Revolution, and it became a military academy under Napoleon I in 1804.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_European_universities
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Most polytechnics were formed in the expansion of higher education in the 1960s. Academic degrees in polytechnics were validated by the UK Council for National Academic Awards (CNAA) from 1965 to 1992. The division between universities and polytechnics was known as the binary divide in UK higher education. [4]
Polytechnic Institutions and technical colleges, however, originated from a different time and place in European history. The focus on science, engineering and the applied sciences is only one of the differences between the polytechnic and the traditional university.
- The Evolution of Non-University Further Education in The UK
- How to Use This Guide and Get A Search Started
- The Science and Art Department and 19th Century Developments
- Practical Instruction Courses
- Trade Schools and Vocational Courses
- Technical Colleges
- Evening Institutes
- Day Continuation Schools
- Tutorial Classes
- Other Technical Colleges
The first school of design in the UK, the Government School of Design, was established in 1837 and went on to become the Royal College of Art. It marked the beginnings of the development of technical education in the UK, which expanded in the remaining decades of the 19th century, and was largely instigated by the Science and Art Department of the ...
A search for documents at The National Archives usually begins in our online catalogue. The following sections of this guide provide links to key record series that you can search within our catalogue, helping you to target your searches more precisely. By clicking on the series links (for example, ED 80) you will arrive on the respective ‘series d...
Browse our catalogue for: 1. surviving correspondence between the Board of Trade and schools of design in BT 1. Browse by date 2. the minutes of meetings of the Science and Art Department (1852-1876) in ED 28 3. files relating to the Royal College of Art. Browse by hierarchy from ED 23/16, with later material (post 1944) in ED 167 4. building grant...
Payment of a special grant for practical instruction in domestic subjects was first authorised under the Code of Regulations for Elementary Schools in 1875. This led to similar arrangements for other practical subjects. New provisions were introduced in 1906 awarding grants for each course of instruction. Browse papers relating to the provision of ...
The need for preliminary technical education for young people going into particular trades had been accepted from the end of the 19th century. Trade Schools provided technical courses for two or three years after children left public elementary schools. Use our catalogue to search by name of schoolwithin: 1. ED 98 for Junior Technical Schools 2. ED...
Higher technical education involving prolonged courses of study was encouraged by the provision of a fixed annual grant to technical institutions. You can search our catalogue by college namewithin ED 90 for the work and organisation of technical colleges. ED 90also contains information on Grouped Course Certificates, a scheme initiated in 1907-190...
The merging of evening continuation and evening technical school provision after 1902 resulted in LEAs and other managing bodies providing: 1. part-time day and evening courses, including day continuation classes 2. courses at works schools and elsewhere in a variety of vocational, domestic, art and general subjects After 1926 they became known as ...
The 1918 and 1921 Education Acts provided for compulsory part-time attendance at day continuation schools by school-leavers between 14 and 18. The system only ever came into partial operation and attendance reverted to the voluntary system. You can search by name of schoolin ED 75 for: 1. information on the provision, organisation and curriculum of...
Tutorial classes developed as part of a movement to expand facilities for adult education, fusing the interests of the Workers’ Educational Association and the University of Oxford. The classes were recognised by the Board of Education in Regulations of 1908/1909 and grant-aided. Consult: 1. ED 73for files on adult education tutorial classes, inclu...
Papers of other colleges in the technical field are in: 1. ED 166– major direct grant establishments files 2. ED 167– major art establishments files 3. ED 174– agricultural education files 4. ED 164– papers of the National Training College of Domestic Subjects (which closed in 1961)
Jan 25, 2022 · Polytechnics operated between 1969-1992 with the purpose of meeting an ever-increasing demand for HE courses, preparing students for careers in industry, business and the professions.
May 16, 1997 · The polytechnics' history shows how governments came to exercise more central control over the development of the higher education system than ever before. Many of the features of constraining funding mechanisms were pioneered in the polytechnics.
The first polytechnic – The Polytechnic Institution – opened to the public at 309 Regent Street on 6 August 1838, under the chairmanship of the distinguished scientist Sir George Cayley. Its aim was to demonstrate new technologies and inventions to the public.
Polytechnics were created in the UK, Fachhochschulen in Germany, Instituts Unive rsitaires de Te chnologie in France and Institutos Politécni cos in Portugal. This proceeded during the 1980s and...
