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August 20–26, 1944
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- The Battle of Toulon was an urban battle of World War II in southern France that took place August 20–26, 1944 and led to the liberation of Toulon by Free French forces under the command of General Edgard de Larminat.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Toulon_(1944)
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On 27 August, most of the city was liberated, with only a few small strongpoints remaining, and on 28 August, German troops issued the official surrender. The battle caused 1,825 French casualties, but 11,000 German troops were captured. [ 53 ]
- Allied victory
Timeline of the liberation of the primary cities of France between 1943 and 1945. Dép. Toulouse libérée [fr] (Toulouse liberated): documentary on the liberation of Toulouse. I re DB of general Jean Touzet du Vigier.
DateCityDép. No.Region [note 1]1943-09-092ACorsica1943-09-102ACorsica1943-09-232ACorsica1943-10-042BCorsicaThe Battle of Toulon was an urban battle of World War II in southern France that took place August 20–26, 1944 and led to the liberation of Toulon by Free French forces under the command of General Edgard de Larminat.
- 15-28 August 1944
- Allied victory
- Toulon, southern France
- A Republic in Danger
- Revolt in Toulon
- A New Artillery Commander
- Little Gibraltar
- Bonaparte Strengthens The Artillery
- Final Push
- Destruction of The French Fleet
- Evacuation
By the summer of 1793, the French Revolution (1789-1799) was moving in increasingly radical directions. The Kingdom of France had been abolished in favor of a French Republic, King Louis XVI of France (r. 1774-1792) had been deposed and executed, and the guillotine had become a permanent fixture on the Place de la Revolution in Paris. The fall of t...
Toulon was a port city on the Mediterranean coast and home to around 28,000 people. It was also a significant naval port, and its harbors contained the entire French Mediterranean Fleet; this included 26 ships-of-the-line and numerous frigates and sloops, amounting to one-third of France's entire naval power. Outraged at the perceived tyranny of th...
For the French Republic, the recovery of Toulon was top priority. To lose the city and the Mediterranean fleet would mean to surrender all hope of French control of the Mediterranean and would also encourage other parts of the country to rebel. Carteaux was aware of the immense burden placed on his shoulders. He commanded roughly 12,000 troops and ...
Bonaparte's new command was a meager one, consisting only of two 24-pounder cannons, two 6-pounders, a few mortars, and several smaller field guns, as well as an inadequate supply of ammunition. Despite these shortcomings, Bonaparte was determined not to waste this opportunity. He constructed two batteries on a hillside overlooking the western shor...
Bonaparte was not one for giving up. His next step after the allies constructed Little Gibraltar was to strengthen his own artillery forces so that he would have enough guns to take the fort. Over the next few weeks, he worked tirelessly, writingletters to nearby cities and towns to requisition guns, ammunition, and supplies. He blackmailed the rec...
On 25 November, General Dugommier held a war council, where the decision was made to launch a final attack on Fort Mulgrave so that Bonaparte's plan could finally be implemented. But as the French prepared for their assault, the allies made one of their own; on 30 November, 2,200 allied soldiers launched a surprise sortie from Fort Malbousquet. Led...
The day that Fort Mulgrave fell, Lord Hood held a war council aboard HMS Victory. It was decided to withdraw from the harbor to avoid risking the valuable ships-of-the-line, and to evacuate as many Toulon citizens as possible. Spanish Admiral Lángara, not wanting to see the French fleet fall back into Republican hands, ordered some of his men to ta...
While the French were distracted by Smith's attack, Hood ordered three ships to evacuate allied soldiers still left by the waterfront. By the morning of 19 December, these ships had picked up every allied soldier left in the city. The British ships announced that they would be taking as many French royalists with them as possible; 14,877 citizens o...
On August 15, 1944, Allied troops stormed ashore in southern France against light and disorganized German resistance, opening a new front in the liberation of continental Europe.
The speed of the operation and the larger numbers of the Allies (500,000 men, 2000 ships) took the German army by surprise. Provence was liberated in less than two weeks, well before the initially planned two months.
Siege of Toulon, (August 28–December 19, 1793), military engagement of the French Revolutionary Wars, in which the young artillery officer Napoleon Bonaparte won his first military reputation by forcing the withdrawal of the Anglo-Spanish fleet that was occupying the city of Toulon and its forts.
