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Oct 17, 2024 · Halo effect, error in reasoning in which an impression formed from a single trait or characteristic is allowed to influence multiple judgments or ratings of unrelated factors. Research on the phenomenon of the halo effect was pioneered by American psychologist Edward L. Thorndike, who in 1920.
- What Is The Halo Effect?
- History
- The Reverse Halo Effect
- Horn Effect
- References
The halo effect is a cognitive attribution bias as it involves the unfounded application of general judgment to a specific trait (Bethel, 2010; Ries, 2006). For example, if you perceive a person to be warm and friendly, you will attribute a number of other associated traits to that person without any knowledge that they are true, such as they are g...
The American psychologist Frederick L. Wells (1907) first identified the halo effect in a study of ratings of the literary merit of authors. Thorndike described the halo effect as the cognitive bias whereby one aspect of a person shapes one’s opinions of the other dimensions and features of that person. Although Thorndike initially employed the ter...
Errors in rating may engender issues of validity and reliability. On the other hand, alterations in ratings may, in fact, reflect actual transformations in behavior—thereby signaling a mere appearance of compromised reliability. This possibility has been demonstrated by research on both men and women. An experiment conducted by Joseph Forgas on 246...
The horn effect is essentially the reverse of the halo effect. For instance, the horn effect may cause us to stereotype that someone who is physically overweight is also lazy, although there is no evidence to indicate that morality is tied to appearance.
Burns, M., & Griffith, A. (2018). The Learning Imperative: Raising performance in organisations by improving learning. Crown House Publishing Ltd. Clifford, M. M., & Walster, E. (1973). The effect of physical attractiveness on teacher expectations. Sociology of education, 248-258. Eagly, A. H., Ashmore, R. D., Makhijani, M. G., & Longo, L. C. (1991...
The Halo Effect explains how, without being aware of it, people's physical attractiveness influence our idea of their abilities, such as if they are intelligent, friendly, or display good judgment.
The halo effect is a perception distortion (or cognitive bias) that affects the way people interpret the information about someone with whom they have formed a positive gestalt. [11] An example of the halo effect is when a person finds out someone they have formed a positive gestalt with has cheated on their taxes.
One of the most notable early studies on the halo effect was conducted by psychologist Solomon Asch in 1946, in which he found that participants' judgments of an individual's personality were heavily influenced by their physical attractiveness. The start of this landmark study read as follows:
Jul 15, 2024 · The halo effect is a type of cognitive bias in which the overall impression of a person influences how others feel and think about a person's specific traits. For example, "He is nice!" affects the perception of other particular characteristics ("He is also smart!").
The halo effect theory, initially described by Edward Thorndike (1920), can be understood within the framework of cognitive psychology. Specifically, the halo effect is often attributed to a cognitive bias known as the "generalization bias."