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May 7, 2024 · The inaugural code of medical ethics emerged after the advent of the antiseptic technique and stethoscope, coinciding with the invention of general anesthetics. A pivotal moment in the direct involvement of the United States government in medical ethics occurred in 1966 with Henry Beecher’s reports.
- Michael Young, Angela Wagner
- 2024/05/07
- The Culture of U.S. Healthcare
- Social and Cultural Trends
- Traditional Medical Ethics
- The Influence of Theological and Philosophical Ethics
- Nursing Ethics
- Ethical Issues in The Emerging Biomedical Technologies
- Academic Bioethics
- Bibliography
Bioethics, in the broad sense of the study of ethical problems encountered as humans interact with the biological within themselves and in their environment, comprehends much more than medicine and medical science. Nevertheless, the development of bioethics can best be understood against the background of the development of medicine in the United S...
In addition to these directions within medicine, cultural and social movements involved the public in the ethics of medical care to an unprecedented extent. The mass media stimulated public interest in medicine. By emphasizing new discoveries, dramatic incidents, and "human interest" stories, the media underlined growing tensions between complex me...
The effort to establish a unified medical profession during the nineteenth century and the accompanying internecine strife among physicians of various doctrinal allegiances profoundly influenced the nature and content of medical ethics at the opening of the twentieth century. Although strains of the Hippocratic, medieval, and Enlightenment traditio...
The medical profession in the United States imbibed an ethic from the Judeo-Christian culture of the nation. The ethical physician was expected to be respectful of religion and to be a "good Christian gentleman" (Burns, 1977). The dominant Protestant culture offered some admonitions about health and medicine. For example, in the nineteenth century ...
Although medical students received little formal instruction in ethics, nursing schools developed a strong tradition of ethics teaching. Several major works on ethics were published by nurses at the turn of the century, notably Nursing Ethicsby Isabel Hampton Robb (1901). Although her text is marked by a stern and self-sacrificing message to nurses...
In the years after World War II, the rapid advances of biomedical science were translated into clinical interventions that could save and sustain life in ways never before possible. These technological advances brought not only the benefits of improved health and prolonged life but also a range of puzzling moral questions (Jonsen, 1998). One of the...
As the 1970s opened, a number of scholars were beginning to attempt to analyze the issues discussed above within the perspectives and methodologies of the two disciplines traditionally concerned with ethics, philosophy and theology. As these scholars began to publish and communicate, a distinct field of study called bioethics came into being. The w...
Aikens, Charlotte. 1916. Studies in Ethics for Nurses.Philadelphia: W. B. Saunders. Alexander, Leo. 1949. "Medical Science under Dictatorship." New England Journal of Medicine241(2): 39–47. American Hospital Association. 1973. A Patient's Bill of Rights.Chicago: Author. Annas, George J. 1993. Standard of Care: The Law of American Bioethics. New Yor...
Nov 6, 2014 · The first history of American medical ethics since Donald Konold's 1962 volume, A History of American Medical Ethics, 1847–1912, Baker's book represents a major contribution to a much neglected historiography, for despite the ubiquity of bioethics in contemporary media and in medical schools, there has been surprisingly scant attention to the ...
- Susan E. Lederer
- 2015
History, by revealing the social and cultural forces that inform scientific policies, is an ideal approach for understanding the controversies that have arisen in public health – both before and after they were termed “ethical” in nature (Fee 1993).
- Barron Lerner, Ronald Bayer
- 2008
Nov 13, 1997 · The Nuremberg Code is the most important document in the history of the ethics of medical research. 1–6 The Code was formulated 50 years ago, in August 1947, in Nuremberg, Germany, by American...
- Evelyne Shuster
- 1997
May 28, 2012 · The expression “medical ethics” was not coined until 1803, when Thomas Percival (1740–1804), a physician from Manchester, England, introduced it in his eponymous book Medical Ethics (Percival 1803b) as a description of the professional duties of physicians and surgeons to their patients, to their fellow practitioners, and to the public ...
Aug 3, 2018 · The modern era of health care ethics is often traced to Henry Beecher’s influential, 1966 article on ethical problems in clinical research, with particular attention (through a series of actual examples) to the failure to inform patients of the risks involved in experimental treatments (Beecher 1966).
