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In the United States, antitrust law is a collection of mostly federal laws that regulate the conduct and organization of businesses in order to promote competition and prevent unjustified monopolies. The three main U.S. antitrust statutes are the Sherman Act of 1890, the Clayton Act of 1914, and the Federal Trade Commission Act of 1914.
The history of United States antitrust law is generally taken to begin with the Sherman Antitrust Act 1890, although some form of policy to regulate competition in the market economy has existed throughout the common law's history.
provides an overview of antitrust doctrine and selected antitrust legislation pending before Congress. The Goals of Antitrust The antitrust laws are designed to protect economic competition. At that level of generality, there is little controversy. However, there is profound disagreement about antitrust’s more specific goals. Safeguarding
Congress passed the first antitrust law, the Sherman Act, in 1890 as a "comprehensive charter of economic liberty aimed at preserving free and unfettered competition as the rule of trade." In 1914, Congress passed two additional antitrust laws: the Federal Trade Commission Act, which created the FTC, and the Clayton Act.
Explain how US antitrust laws are enforced and what kinds of criminal and civil penalties may apply. In this chapter, we take up the origins of the federal antitrust laws and the basic rules governing restraints of trade. Sherman Act, Section 1; Clayton Act, Section 3.
The structure of antitrust was now established, and it has changed very little since 1914. At different times the laws have been amended, generally to clarify certain
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American antitrust law began to take shape only when the Supreme Court began to build the basic framework of antitrust analysis in its decisions. In 1911, it decided the landmark Standard Oil case, in which the United States sought to break up the famed oil conglomerate.3
