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Jul 29, 2024 · The July 25, 1974 decision in the historic Milliken v. Bradley case overturned lower court decisions that would have paved the way for a cross-district busing plan to send thousands of...
- Lori Higgins
- Busing was used as a last resort to fix segregated schools. Detroit's neighborhoods in the late sixties and early seventies were racially segregated and so were the schools.
- The events in Detroit were the beginning of the end for racial integration in schools. When the Supreme Court finally struck down the Detroit metro busing plan in 1974, it sent a signal to the country that desegregation in the schools had gone far enough.
- It didn't work. After the case went to the Supreme Court, a plan to bus only children inside the school district of Detroit took effect. The school district at that time was over 70% African American so any sort of racial integration was difficult to achieve.
Jul 24, 2024 · The Milliken case started in 1970, after the NAACP sued then-Michigan Gov. William Milliken over what the organization claimed was intentional segregation in Detroit's schools.
- Lily Altavena
- Educational Equity Reporter
- Regionalism Becomes A Force For Integration
- Separate But Equal?
- “Not Understanding The Real Problem”
- Marshall’s Dissent
- 45 Years Later, A Suffering School District
The movement of Detroit’s white population to the suburbs, known as ‘white flight’ across the nation, had left the city, and it’s schools, majority-black. “White flight had been so intense,” Hammer says. “I could bus [students] all I want within the boundaries of Detroit, but as a result of white flight that would never produce integration.” The de...
Once on Capitol Hill, Michigan’s Attorney General Frank Kelley brought forward the case of suburban schools. He argued that because there was no proof of intentional segregation in the suburbs, they should be excluded from the solution. Peter Hammer says that notion reflects a popular northern tone on desegregation. “There’s an old adage that in th...
The ruling set a standard that desegregation was not a regional responsibility. However, in arriving at that conclusion, Hammer says the Supreme Court misunderstood key context from the Swann case. “In Charlotte and Mecklenburg County, and in North Carolina more generally, if I have substantial sprawl and white flight they continuously change the s...
The ruling meant that as white families left Detroit for suburban school districts, the largely African American community still in the city was just left there. That inaction essentially allowed the city and the suburbs to segregate themselves. “Thurgood Marshall wrote an amazingly powerful, dissent saying is that if you don’t provide a remedy her...
Some felt the outcome stood in the face of past desegregation rulings, like Brown v. Board of Education. Fast forward to present day and Hammer says the result of the Milliken case is visible in Detroit public schools. “You think about the state of Detroit schools and the whole collapse as a result of failed state policy in terms of governance and ...
President Lyndon Johnson convened the Kerner Commission to identify the genesis of the violent riots that killed 43 people in Detroit; the commission concluded that school integration should be “the priority education strategy; it is essential to the future of American society. ….
Nov 12, 2013 · Next week marks the 40 th anniversary of the day the U.S. Supreme Court agreed to hear a case about busing and segregation in Detroit’s schools. The case eventually became Milliken v. Bradley, a seminal civil rights case that nevertheless few people outside legal circles remember. Mark Litt is now in his late forties, but was a fourth grader ...
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Feb 25, 2016 · In 1970, the school board introduced a modest desegregation plan that would have involved two-way integration of 11 of the city’s 22 high schools. That plan was overturned by the state legislature, and additional developments led local and national NAACP leaders to file a comprehensive suit in federal district court challenging school ...
