Search results
Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like 1930, 1941, 1946-1954 and more.
Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like How did Camille's parents die?, What does Eliane receive by adopting Camille? What is the result with regard to her own properties?, where does the story take place? what is this known as today? and more.
Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like sticky rice, sauteed rice shrimp scallion, jasmine rice and more.
- Introduction↑
- Indochina on The Eve of World War I: 1914↑
- Indochina During World War I↑
- The Legacies of World War I in Indochina↑
- Conclusion↑
Indochina, the so-called “Pearl of the French Empire”, was known as the only fully self-financed and zero-cost colony for the metropolitan budget, and significantly contributed to the Great War effort in terms of both funds and products, and military and labor forces. Out of fewer than 17 million inhabitants, around 93,000 Indochinese volunteer sol...
The Vietnamese, Cambodian and Lao Kingdoms under French Colonial Rule↑
By 1914, Vietnam, Cambodia and Laos had been under French colonial rule for less than thirty years, after a period of conquest that lasted from the 1860s to the 1880s, and had been under a common general budget since 1898. French Indochina (Indochine française), officially known in 1887 as the Indochinese Union (Union indochinoise) was a colonial entity created by the French. It consisted of three kingdoms: Đại Việt, divided by the French into three parts (Cochinchina, Annam and Tonkin); Prea...
The Context of Anticolonial Revolts in the Early 20th Century↑
In 1914, calm was supposed to reign as the colonial power had “pacified” the three kingdoms, but uprisings contesting French rule characterized French Indochina at the dawn of World War I. Early in the 20th century, the French Sûreté had worried about the victory of Japan over Russia (Russo-Japanese Warin 1905), the first victory of “a yellow people over the white”, and the fall of the Qing dynasty and establishment of the Republic of China in 1911, under the leadership of the nationalist par...
The French Colonial Policy of “Mise en valeur” and “Mission civilisatrice”↑
Unlike Algeria, Indochina was not a settlement colony: it had only about 18,000 French civilians, militaries and civil servants but over 16.4 million Indochinese. In 1914, it was but a colony of economic exploitation (colonie d'exploitation économique) which funded its own budget through revenue collection, taxes on locals and consumption quotas for monopolized goods such as opium, salt and alcohol. The trade of those three products formed 44 percent of the colonial government's budget in 192...
The Indochinese Contribution to the War Effort↑
Of the 93,000 Indochinese soldiers and workers who came to Europe, most were from the poorest parts of the Tonkin and Annam regions, which had been badly hit by famine and cholera, and – to a lesser degree – from Cambodia (1,150). Some 44,000 Vietnamese soldiers served in combat battalions on the fronts in Verdun and the Vosges (both in northeastern France), on the Eastern Front, in the Middle East and in the Balkans. In logisticsbattalions they were used as drivers transporting troops to the...
The French Colonial Policy of “Association Franco-Annamite”↑
Albert Sarraut, who was governor general during almost all the Great War, and minister of the colonies just after, was the great architect of the policy of association also called the “collaboration franco-annamite” (Pháp Việt Đề huề), which characterized French colonial policy during the interwar period. Sent back as the head of Indochina at the heart of the war, from 1917 until 1919, Sarraut pursued his dual policy: “I have always estimated that Indochina must be protected against the effec...
Uprisings and Conflict during the Great War↑
Despite the proclamation of a state of war in Indochina in 1914, three major uprisings happened in Vietnam. In Cochinchina, a series of revolts broke out in 1916. In February of that year, around 300 supporters of Phan Xich Long marched toward the penitentiary in Saigon asking for the liberation of their leader, and there were other uprisings in the Mekong Delta. In the same year, in Huế, the emperor Duy Tân (r. 1906-1916) was engaged with the mandarin Trần Cao Văn (1866-1916) and others in a...
French Indochina and Rising Regional Powers (Japan, China, Siam)↑
By 1914, “a fear of revolutionary nationalism had become a basic ingredient of French policies in Vietnam, as well as a feature of French diplomatic activity in Asia.”Anxious to defeat the German troops on their soil, the French also had to deal with the affirmation of three Asian powers. As Japan, China and Siam joined the war on the Allies' side as independent countries, the French took the opportunity of these new alliances to go after the Indochinese “rebels” who fled to these neighboring...
The “Franco-Annamese Collaboration” or the Missed Opportunity↑
Sarraut’s doctrine of “Franco-Annamese collaboration” was reaffirmed after the war by a victorious but exhausted France. But it rapidly became a missed opportunity (rendez-vous manqué). With the League of Nations and the emergence of new great powers (United States, Japan, Australia, New Zealand, China and Siam) in the Pacific, France claimed to represent the Indochinese in the Far East through a policy of association with its indigenous elites. In the early 1920s, Sarraut, then minister of t...
Anticolonial Parties and Political Radicalization↑
The important and exceptional mobility of Indochinese between Indochina and France played a decisive role in the circulation of ideas and contributed to the reconfiguration of the anticolonial movement. The positive experience of living in France gave the incomers the opportunity to see French weakness when faced with German enemies, and the main changes in French politics as a result of the Bolshevik revolution. One of the main sources of political radicalization clearly came from the massiv...
The contribution of Indochina to World War I was significant in terms of raw materials, financial support of the war effort and human participation. The transcontinental migration of around 93,000 colonized Indochinese to the imperial metropolis between 1914 and 1919 was unique. During World War II, far fewer Indochinese were sent to Europe (8,000 ...
May 18, 2018 · Indochina, Fr. Indochine, former federation of states, SE Asia. It comprised the French colony of Cochin China [1] and the French protectorates of Tonkin [2], Annam [3], Laos [4], and Cambodia [5] (Cochin China, Tonkin, and Annam were later united to form Vietnam [6]). The capital was Hanoi [7].
The United States replaced the French as a political backup for Ngo Dinh Diem, then Prime Minister of the State of Vietnam, and he asserted his power in the South. Diem refused to hold the national elections, citing that the South did not sign and thus was not bound to the Geneva Accords.
People also ask
When did American policy change toward Indochina?
How did French Indochina industrialize?
Why is it called Indochina?
Why was French Indochina a colony of economic exploitation?
When did the First Indochina War start?
What happened to French Indochina in 1940?
Dec 4, 2009 · There were three periods in the evolution of American policy toward Indochina: 1945–9, during which the Americans remained anticolonial; 1950–2, when anticommunism and the Korean War led to deeper involvement in Indochina alongside the French; and 1953–4, when the new Republican administration in Washington seized direction of the war.
