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Indochina, the countries of Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia formerly associated with France, first within its empire and later within the French Union. French rule was ended in 1954 with the Geneva Accords. The term Indochina refers to the intermingling of Indian and Chinese influences in the culture of the region.
- The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica
French Indochina was designated as a colonie d’exploitation (colony of economic exploitation) by the French government. Funding for the colonial government came from taxes on local populations, and the French government established a near monopoly on the trade of opium, salt, and rice alcohol.
- Early Exploitation and Colonization
- Japanese Invasion During The Second World War
- End of World War II and Indochinese Liberation
- Sources and Further Reading
Although the French and Vietnam relationship may have started as early as the 17th century with missionary voyages, the French took power in the area and established a federation called French Indochina in 1887. They designated the area as a "colonie d'exploitation," or in the more polite English translation, a "colony of economic interests." High ...
The Japanese Empire invaded French Indochina in 1941 and the Nazi-allied French Vichy government handed over Indochina to Japan. During their occupation, some Japanese military officials encouraged nationalism and independence movements in the region. However, the military higher-ups and the home government in Tokyo intended to keep Indochina as a ...
When the Second World Warended, France expected the other Allied Powers to return its Indochinese colonies to its control, but the people of Indochina had different ideas. They expected to be granted independence, and this difference of opinion led to the First Indochina War and the Vietnam War. In 1954, the Vietnamese under Ho Chi Minh defeated th...
Cooper, Nikki. "France in Indochina: Colonial Encounters." New York: Berg, 2001.Evans, Martin, ed. "Empire and Culture: The French Experience, 1830-1940." Basinstoke, UK: Palgrave Macmillan, 2004.Jennings, Eric T. "Imperial Heights: Dalat and the Making and Undoing of French Indochina." Berkeley: University of California Press, 2011.Indochina is a French colony and four protectorates in Southeast Asia established between l860 and 1904, and covering the present-day territories of Cambodia, Vietnam, and Laos. The five colonial components of Indochina became independent in 1954.
When the Great War broke out in August 1914 there were about 400 French missionaries active in France’s colony of Indochina.
Laos traces its history to the kingdom of Lan Xang (Million Elephants), founded in the 14th century by Lao prince Fa Ngum. Ngum made Theravada Buddhism the state religion. Within 20 years of its formation, the kingdom expanded eastward to Champa and along the Annamite mountains in Vietnam.
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Buddhism and Confucianism were the touchstones of these three populations’ religious and political culture and laid the foundations of their states. These three major ethnicities forced the indigenous inhabitants to take refuge in the highlands and forests.
