Search results
Dec 21, 2023 · Education & Science. Most popular apprenticeships in Germany 2023, by number of contracts. Kindergarten. School. Apprenticeships and vocational training. University. Adult education and...
- Introduction
- Literature on The Covid School Closures
- School Closures in The United States and Germany
- A Structural Model of School Closures
- Policy Implications
- Conclusion
The Covid-19 pandemic forced governments worldwide to restrict certain activities to prevent the spread of the virus. Next to many other sectors of the economy, one sector affected by these measures everywhere worldwide was schools. Figure 1shows UNESCO estimates of the total duration of full or partial school closures from the start of the crisis ...
There is by now a growing literature on the Covid-19 induced school closures. Within the field of economics, this literature is however still quite small. While there are probably dozens of economics papers incorporating the SIR model into a macroeconomic model to analyse the causes of the Covid-19 recession, there are few papers in economics focus...
3.1. Regulations and data
At the outbreak of the Corona crisis in March 2020, 44 states in the United States ordered public school closures, while the rest recommended them at some point during March. Twenty-three of the states also mandated the school closures of private schools (Zviedrite et al., 2021). School closures during this initial period were thus quite universal. However, in the school year 2020/21, the decision to close schools rested largely with school districts, of which there are more than 13,400 in th...
3.2. Extent of school closures in the United States and Germany
In this section, I describe and compare the extent of school closures for the United States and Germany, as well the regional heterogeneity. For both countries, I start the observation period with the first school closures in March. For the United States, the observation period ends in May 2021, given that summer holidays typically start in June. For Germany, the observation period runs up to the start of the summer vacation in 2021, which is somewhat different in each state, but always lies...
As stated in the literature review, there are by now first papers analysing the immediate effects of the Covid school closures on test scores (see, e.g., Halloran et al., 2021). To assess the long-term effects of the school closures on labour earnings and welfare of the affected children, one has basically three options: first, in a few years, once...
I want to end with policy implications, and focus here on policy lessons for the future, not on the question whether school closures were an effective and cost-efficient way to combat the Covid pandemic in the first place. Given that school closures happened, what should the governments do now to help the children? The model clearly shows that the ...
Extensive school closures negatively affected children all over the globe. While a lot of discussion during the Covid crisis has focused on the direct costs of the crisis to the government budget, to workers or to businesses, less discussion time has been devoted to the costs for the children affected by the school closures, likely because these co...
In Germany, between 2015 and 2021, expenditure on primary and secondary education measured as share of GDP increased by 8%, compared to an average increase of just 1% across the OECD over the same period. While 22% of women aged 55-64 in Germany have at least a bachelor's qualification, the share is 40% for women aged 25-34. However, at 18 ...
Due to the COVID-19 pandemic and its impact on school districts and schools, the United States administered PIRLS to 5th-graders in the fall of 2021. PIRLS administration occurred in three waves: Wave 1: Forty-one education systems administered the assessment to 4th-graders at the end of the 2020–21 school year, during the originally ...
Nov 15, 2023 · The United States has a higher upper secondary (high school) completion rate than most other OECD countries. In 2021, some 87 percent of U.S. students completed their high school program in the expected timeframe, compared with the OECD average of 72 percent ( Table B3.1 ).
Apr 11, 2021 · Abstract. In this article, we provide a comparative analysis of public education in Germany and the US, focusing on historical and contemporary challenges to education, Bildung, and citizenry in the modern nation state.
People also ask
How many students completed high school in 2021?
Does Germany have a higher education rate than the OECD?
How did education change in Germany?
What age do you go to school in Germany?
How did Allied forces change the education system in West Germany?
What are the different levels of Education in Germany?
Germany ranked among the countries with the smallest difference in mathematics performance between students arriving late for school at least once in the two weeks prior to the PISA test and those who didn't (before accounting for students' and schools' socio-economic profile).
