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Mendeleev made an early periodic table. In the modern periodic table, elements are in order of atomic number in periods and groups. Electronic configurations model how electrons are arranged in...
Mendeleev made an early periodic table. In the modern periodic table, elements are in order of atomic number in periods and groups. Electronic configurations model how electrons are arranged in...
Dalton (1803) arranged known elements in order of atomic weights. Newlands (1865) noticed that every eighth element, in order of atomic mass, repeated similar properties. Mendeleev swapped the order of atomic weights in order to fit elements better into groups of similar properties.
- Alkali Metals
- Alkaline Earth Metals
- Transition Metals
- Post-Transition Metals
- Metalloids
- Nonmetals
- Halogens
- Noble Gases
- Lanthanides
- Actinides
The alkali metals are all elements of Group I except hydrogen. These elements have one valence electron. They are highly reactive and can burst into flames when exposed to air. This is why alkali metals combine with other elements in compounds. They react with water quickly and must be stored in oil. Franciumis the most reactive alkali metal, locat...
The alkaline earth metals are located in Group 2 of the periodic table, from beryllium (Be) to radium (Ra). They have two electrons in their outermost shell and are the second most reactive after alkali metals. They are a strong reducing agent, meaning they can donate electrons quickly. They are also good conductors of heat and electricity. Physica...
The transition metals lie from Group 3 to Group 12. They have more than one oxidation state, meaning they can have many oxidation numbers. They have low ionization energy and high conductivity. Aside, they have high melting and boiling points. They can be malleable and shiny.
The post-transition metals are located in between transition metals and the metalloids. They span from Groups 13 to 16. They have some characteristics of transition metals but are soft and conduct more poorly than transition metals. Their melting points are lower than transition metals.
The metalloids display properties in between metals and nonmetals. Only six such elements exist, of which three (B, Si, and Ge) are semiconductors. They lie between Groups 13 and 16. Metalloids are not as good conductors of electricity as metals, nor are they as ductile as metals. They are brittle and can break easily.
Nonmetals are on the top right of metalloids, spanning Groups 13 and 16. They have high electronegativity and ionization energy and are poor conductors of heat and electricity. They exist as gases like oxygen or solids like carbon. Although it is in Group 1, hydrogen is considered a nonmetal.
The halogens lie in Group 17. They are highly electronegative and reactive, requiring one electron to complete their outermost shell. Hence, they typically exhibit a -1 oxidation state. They form salts with metals.
The elements in Group 18 are called noble gases. They have complete outermost shells, resulting in stable electron configurations. Hence, they are the least reactive group on the periodic table, giving them nomenclature inert gases. They have low melting and boiling points and are colorless and odorless.
Lanthanides are a part of the sixth row and lie within Group 3 of the periodic table. The name lanthanide comes from the first element of that row – lanthanum. They are a family of rare earth metals with one valence electron in the 5d shell. They are highly reactive and behave like strong reducing agents in chemical reactions. Aside, they are soft ...
Actinides are located in the seventh row and within Group 3. Their name comes from actinium, the first element of that row. They are another family of rare earth metals that are highly reactive. They also have high electropositivity and are radioactive. Aside, these elements are allotropic, paramagnetic, and pyromorphic. Physically, they are very s...
This page explores the trends in some atomic and physical properties of the Group 2 elements - beryllium, magnesium, calcium, strontium and barium. You will find separate sections below covering the trends in atomic radius, first ionisation energy, electronegativity and physical properties.
Group 2 elements almost exclusively form ionic compounds containing the M 2 + ion, they are more reactive toward group 15 elements, and they have a greater tendency to form complexes with Lewis bases than do the alkali metals. Pure samples of most of the alkaline earth metals can be obtained by electrolysis of the chlorides or oxides.
Sep 1, 2024 · September 1, 2024 by Jay. Periodic table Groups: The vertical columns in the periodic table are known as groups of periodic table. There are total 18 groups (vertical columns) on the periodic table. So you have seen the above periodic table labeled with group names (from 1-18). Right?
