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- Penal substitution, also called penal substitutionary atonement and especially in older writings forensic theory, is a theory of the atonement within Protestant Christian theology, which declares that Christ, voluntarily submitting to God the Father's plan, was punished (penalized) in the place of (substitution) sinners, thus satisfying the demands of justice and propitiation, so God can justly forgive sins making us at one with God (atonement).
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penal_substitution
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It is commonplace among theologians to identify Anselm’s satisfaction theory of atonement as a progenitor of the penal substitution theory (PST) of atonement common in certain strands of Reformed theology.
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familiar to lawyers—atonement. In its most colloquial sense, atonement simply means repayment, and as such, the law customarily demands atonement for its breach—through compensatory damage awards, for example.7 There is, however, a deeper and more technical understanding of 3.
Nov 1, 2008 · This article assesses current work in criminal justice theory and identifies two criteria for theory—that which appeals to empirical validation, and that which appeals to historical tradition.
- John P. Crank, Blythe A. Bowman
- 2008
Jul 16, 2019 · Criminal justice encompasses several distinctive theoretical explanations for the causes and consequences of crime and criminal behavior, but three primary perspectives dominate the field. The first, restorative justice theory, focuses on how to heal the harm caused by crime.
Nov 10, 2013 · First, that atonement is about the repaying of one’s moral debts (e.g. in the form of self-punishment or restitution). Second, that atonement is about changing one’s heart, i.e. a form of moral transformation on behalf of the wrongdoer.
- Thomas Brudholm
- brudholm@hum.ku.dk
- 2015
Oct 3, 2020 · The taxonomy distinguishes conceptions of criminal rehabilitation on the basis of (i) the aims or ends of the putatively rehabilitative measure, and (ii) the means that may be used to achieve the intended end.
Jan 1, 2009 · Reconciliation is a matter of repairing the relationships that constitute a moral community. A theory of atonement built on this ideal attends to all of the parties who are negatively affected by wrongdoing: victims, communities, and wrongdoers themselves.