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1. • • Penal substitution, also called penal substitutionary atonement and especially in older writings forensic theory, is a theory of the atonement within Protestant Christian theology, which declares that Christ, voluntarily submitting to God the Father's plan, was punished (penalized) in the place of (substitution) sinners, thus satisfying the demands of justice and propitiation, so God can justly forgive sins making us at one with God (atonement).
     en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penal_substitution

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2. People also ask

   Can a theory of Atonement be useful?

   • If it is to be a useful theory of atonement, it should be able to identify what was morally unacceptable about the Magdalen system and avoid the same mistakes. As our earlier discussion shows, a long list of moral problems was associated with the Magdalen asylums.

   Chapter Four Reforming Relationships: The Reconciliation Theory of

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   What is the reconciliation theory of Atonement?

   • Such norms of atonement are inconsistent with the Kantian conception of human value and moral agency, which is at the heart of the reconciliation theory of atonement. Reconciliation theory requires wrongdoers to treat both other people and themselves as equally valuable moral persons.

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   Is Atonement an art?

   • To make reparations properly and to do so in the way that is most likely to serve the goal of reconciliation, the wrongdoer must understand the harm he has caused from the victim's own perspective. As these examples suggest, atonement is an art.

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   What makes a successful atonement?

   • Successful atonement requires empathy. In the opening chapter I presented an extended case study of the Magdalen asylums in order to bring our attention to the obstacles and risks that face us in formulating an ethic of atonement. I conclude this chapter by applying reconciliation theory to that case.

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   Is partial Atonement a moral ideal?

   • In many cases, it will be partial at best. Cases where empathy is impossible or inadequate are further examples of the limits of reconciliation as moral ideal. Still, partial atonement is valuable, and full atonement seems to require empathy.

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   What are the different conceptions of Atonement?

   • In the previous chapters we have examined several different conceptions of atonement: retributive self‐punishment, the payment of restitution, personal reformation, and the transformation of the meaning of the past. While none of these conceptions of atonement can serve as a complete moral theory of atonement, each contains something important.

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3. www.anselm.edu › sites › defaultFrom Satisfaction to Penal Substitution: Debt as a ...

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   It is commonplace among theologians to identify Anselm’s satisfaction theory of atonement as a progenitor of the penal substitution theory (PST) of atonement common in certain strands of Reformed theology.

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4. www.yalelawjournal.org › pdf › 426_ds29zy8tSacrifice, Atonement, and Legal Ethics - Yale Law Journal

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   familiar to lawyers—atonement. In its most colloquial sense, atonement simply means repayment, and as such, the law customarily demands atonement for its breach—through compensatory damage awards, for example.7 There is, however, a deeper and more technical understanding of 3.

5. www.sciencedirect.com › science › articleWhat is good criminal justice theory? - ScienceDirect

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   Nov 1, 2008 · This article assesses current work in criminal justice theory and identifies two criteria for theory—that which appeals to empirical validation, and that which appeals to historical tradition.

   • Author: John P. Crank, Blythe A. Bowman

   • Publish Year: 2008

6. www.criminaljustice.com › resources › three-theoriesThe Three Theories of Criminal Justice - CriminalJustice.com

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   Jul 16, 2019 · Criminal justice encompasses several distinctive theoretical explanations for the causes and consequences of crime and criminal behavior, but three primary perspectives dominate the field. The first, restorative justice theory, focuses on how to heal the harm caused by crime.

7. link.springer.com › article › 10Atonement and the Limits of Philosophy: Review Essay - Springer

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   Nov 10, 2013 · First, that atonement is about the repaying of one’s moral debts (e.g. in the form of self-punishment or restitution). Second, that atonement is about changing one’s heart, i.e. a form of moral transformation on behalf of the wrongdoer.

   • Author: Thomas Brudholm
   • Email: brudholm@hum.ku.dk

   • Publish Year: 2015

8. link.springer.com › article › 10What is Criminal Rehabilitation? | Criminal Law and Philosophy

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   Oct 3, 2020 · The taxonomy distinguishes conceptions of criminal rehabilitation on the basis of (i) the aims or ends of the putatively rehabilitative measure, and (ii) the means that may be used to achieve the intended end.

9. academic.oup.com › book › 10261Chapter Four Reforming Relationships: The Reconciliation ...

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   Jan 1, 2009 · Reconciliation is a matter of repairing the relationships that constitute a moral community. A theory of atonement built on this ideal attends to all of the parties who are negatively affected by wrongdoing: victims, communities, and wrongdoers themselves.