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Feb 18, 2023 · Get ready to ace the IELTS Academic Reading test with the Cambridge Official Guide Test 7. This comprehensive guide features detailed solutions and explanations for Passage 1 - The Hidden Histories of Exploration Exhibition, providing you with the support you need to excel on test day.
The Hidden Histories of Exploration exhibition at Britain’s Royal Geographical Society in London sets out to present an alternative view, in which exploration is a fundamentally collective experience of work, involving many different people.
- A In the early days of mountaineering, questions of safety, standards of practice, and environmental impact were not widely considered. The sport gained traction following the successful 1786 ascent of Mont Blanc, the highest peak in Western Europe, by two French mountaineers, Jacques Balmat and Michel-Gabriel Paccard.
- B Toward the end of the nineteenth century, however, developments in technology spurred debate regarding climbing practices. Of particular concern in this era was the introduction of pitons (metal spikes that climbers hammer into the rock face for leverage) and the use of belaying techniques.
- C By the 1940s, bolts had begun to replace pitons as the climber’s choice of equipment, and criticism surrounding their use was no less fierce. In 1948, when two American climbers scaled Mount Brussels in the Canadian Rockies using a small number of pitons and bolts, climber Frank Smythe wrote of their efforts: ‘I still regard Mount Brussels as unclimbed, and my feelings are no different from those I should have were I to hear that a helicopter had deposited its passenger on the summit of that mountain just so that he could boast that he had trodden an untrodden mountain top.’
- D Climbing purists aside, it was not until the 1970s that the general tide began to turn against bolting and pitons. The USA, and much of the western world, was waking up to the damage it had been causing to the planet, and environmentalist campaigns and new government policies were becoming widespread.
May 7, 2021 · All tests are based on real exam pattern and correspond to the actual level of difficulty you may find in the IELTS. This Academic Reading test is divided into three long passages – Passage 1, 2 and 3. Reading Passage 1 is about – ‘The hidden histories of Exploration Exhibition’.
Oct 5, 2023 · The Hidden Histories of Exploration exhibition at Britain’s Royal Geographical Society in London sets out to present an alternative view, in which exploration is a fundamentally collective experience of work, involving many different people.
Sep 1, 2024 · There are 19 IELTS books in a series called “Cambridge IELTS books”: Cambridge IELTS book 1-19 IELTS Academic Books with Answers. Each book contains four authentic past IELTS examination papers from Cambridge ESOL.
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Aug 28, 2024 · The world’s third-oldest surviving university, the University of Cambridge was founded in 1209. Established 813 years ago, it rose in prominence with each passing year and continues to be a symbol of prestige and excellence in education.
