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  2. The Chicago Manual of Style Online is the venerable, time-tested guide to style, usage, and grammar in an accessible online format. ¶ It is the indispensable reference for writers, editors, proofreaders, indexers, copywriters, designers, and publishers, informing the editorial canon with sound, definitive advice. ¶ Over 1.75 million copies sold!

    • Chicago Bibliography Entries
    • Chicago Footnotes
    • Tools and Resources

    The basics

    The bibliography appears at the end of your paper, listing full information on all the sources you cited. A Chicago bibliography entry typically mentions the author, title, publisher or publication in which the source is contained, publication date, and URL or DOI if available. Depending on the source type, you may omit some of this information when it’s unavailable or irrelevant, and include other details when they’re needed to identify the source.

    Reference examples

    The exact format of a bibliography entry depends on the source type you’re citing. The rules indicate what details to include for each source and how to format the information (e.g., italics, capitalization). Explore the tabs below to see examples for the main source types.

    Missing information

    Sometimes, not all of the suggested information will be available for the source you want to cite. The table below shows what to do when certain commonly included details are not available for your source.

    The basics

    Chicago footnotes are used to cite sources in the text. Each footnote is indicated at the relevant point in the text by a superscript number,1 while the note itself appears at the bottom of the page. A footnote should be added each time you quote or paraphrase a source. All of the sources you cite in footnotes should be included in your bibliography.

    Footnote examples

    Chicago provides guidance for full notes (giving complete information) and short notes (giving only the author’s last name, shortened title, and page number). Use a full note the first time you cite a source and short notes for any subsequent citations of that source. Full notes generally give the same information as bibliography entries, but presented slightly differently. You can see examples of full and short notes for the most common source types in the tabs below.

    Missing information

    As with bibliography entries, Chicago provides advice on what to do when information you would usually include in your footnotes is missing—summarized in the table below.

    Scribbr offers a wide variety of tools and resources to help with citation and other aspects of academic writing: 1. Citation generator: Scribbr’s free citation generator can also create flawless citations in other citation styles, like APA, MLA, and Harvard. 2. Free plagiarism checker: Detect and fix plagiarism issues with the most accurate plagia...

  3. CMOS Online Subscribe or Free Trial. Chicago-style source citations come in two varieties: (1) notes and bibliography and (2) author-date. If you already know which system to use, follow one of the links above to see sample citations for a variety of common sources.

  4. Sep 25, 2019 · In Chicago author-date style, your text must include a reference list. It appears at the end of your paper and gives full details of every source you cited. In notes and bibliography style, you use Chicago style footnotes to cite sources; a bibliography is optional but recommended.

  5. May 26, 2022 · Chicago Manual of Style Online - Resources for Students (Turabian) - incudes paper formatting tip sheets, Chicago Style basics, tip sheets on crafting a paper (shaping your writing and research around a research question) and much more.

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