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- Volcanoes most often form where tectonic plates—thick slabs of crust on the Earth’s surface—meet. At divergent plate boundaries, where these plates move away from each other, Earth’s crust is thin and susceptible to the intrusion of magma from down below. The East African rift zone, for example, has produced a number of volcanoes this way.
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A volcano is an opening in the Earth’s crust that allows magma, hot ash and gases to escape. Magma is molten rock - rock that is so hot it has turned into liquid. When magma reaches the surface...
Volcanic mountains are formed when lava erupts on to the Earth's surface then cools and solidifies. In this article you can learn about: How a volcanic mountain is formed. What causes a...
Volcanoes form when magma reaches the Earth's surface, causing eruptions of lava and ash. Find out about different types of volcano, how to measure their strength and preparing for volcanoes.
- Why Are There Different Types of Volcano?
- Shield Volcanoes
- Stratovolcano
- Lava Dome
- Caldera
Viscosity is important in volcanology. An eruption of highly viscous (very sticky) magma tends to produce steep-sided volcanoes with slopes that are about 30–35°. That’s because the viscous volcanic material doesn’t flow that far from where it is erupted, so it builds up in layers forming a cone-shaped volcano known as a stratovolcano. Shield volca...
Where a volcano produces low viscosity, runny lava, it spreads far from the source and forms a volcano with gentle slopes: a shield volcano. Most shield volcanoes are formed from fluid, basaltic lava flows. Mauna Kea and Mauna Loa are shield volcanoes. They are the world’s largest active volcanoes, rising over 9 km above the sea floor around the is...
Stratovolcanoes have relatively steep sides and are more cone-shaped than shield volcanoes. They are formed from viscous, sticky lava that does not flow easily. The lava therefore builds up around the vent forming a volcano with steep sides. Stratovolcanoes are more likely to produce explosive eruptionsdue to gas building up in the viscous magma. A...
The Soufrière Hills volcano, on the Caribbean island of Montserrat, is well known for its lava dome complex at the summit of the volcano, which has gone through phases of growth and collapse. As viscous lava is not very fluid, it cannot flow away from the vent easily when it is extruded. Instead it piles up on top of the vent forming a large, dome-...
Magma is stored beneath a volcano in a magma chamber. When a very large, explosive eruption occurs that empties the magma chamber, the roof of the magma chamber can collapse to form a depression or bowl with very steep walls on the surface. These are calderas and can be tens of miles across. Calderas can also be formed during an eruption that remov...
Mar 25, 2009 · Beneath this is the mantle, an extremely hot region just a few dozen kilometers beneath your feet. Although the mantle is almost entirely solid, it can form small pockets of liquid rock and hot...
Volcanoes ['väl-'kā-nō-z] An opening in the surface of the earth through which lava, gases and ash are forced out to form a mountain when cooled. Volcanoes can be found all over the earth. They are also located on other bodies in our Solar System.
Apr 29, 2024 · A volcano is a feature in Earth’s crust where molten rock is squeezed out onto the Earth’s surface. This molten rock is called magma when it is beneath the surface and lava when it erupts, or flows out, from a volcano. Along with lava, volcanoes also release gases, ash, and, solid rock.
