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- All inertial reference frames are equally valid, so there’s no physical experiment that can determine who is “really” moving. This principle dates back 400 years, to the time of Galileo. It is built into Newton’s laws of motion, which say that forces cause changes in an object’s motion, but do not cause motion itself.
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Jan 26, 2017 · Special relativity is a “special case” of general relativity. The combination of these two principles helps explain many subjects varying from the motion of the planets and the effect of...
- Preface to English edition
- Preface to Japanese edition
- Preface to Japanese edition
This book explains Einstein’s Special Theory of Relativity (SR) using diagrams only. Readers who are used to thinking of physics as a vast labyrinth of equations may feel somewhat uneasy about this unconven-tional approach and fear that it risks losing important information about SR that can only be conveyed via equations. However, this fear is not...
All physical theories, their mathematical expressions notwithstanding, ought to lend themselves to so simple a description that even a child could under-stand them. Albert Einstein [3] Einstein’s celebrated Theory of Relativity is one of those scientific theories whose name is so famous that most people have heard of it, but very few people actuall...
Part II is a collection of problems. The problems are designed so that by thinking about them you will confront the common sense that hampers our understanding of SR, and know where the pitfalls are that may mis-lead us to think that there must be something wrong with SR. Part III deals with the famous equation = mc2. Since = mc2 itself is an equat...
Mar 30, 2022 · Relativity Tutorial. Galilean Relativity. Relativity can be described using space-time diagrams. Contrary to popular opinion, Einstein did not invent relativity. Galileo preceded him. Aristotle had proposed that moving objects (on the Earth) had a natural tendency to slow down and stop. This is shown in the space-time diagram below.
If we plot these events on a spacetime diagram and connect the dots together, we have a record of that object’s (or person’s) motion: We refer to the line or curve connecting all events that happen to a particular object as that object’s worldline —its line through the “world” of space and time .
- 1895: Running Beside a Light Beam. By this point, Einstein’s ill-disguised contempt for his native Germany’s rigid, authoritarian educational methods had already gotten him kicked out of the equivalent of high school, so he moved to Zurich in hopes of attending the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH).
- 1904: Measuring Light From a Moving Train. It wasn’t easy. Einstein tried every solution he could think of, and nothing worked. Almost out of desperation, he began to consider a notion that was simple but radical.
- May 1905: Lightning Strikes a Moving Train. Einstein’s revelation was that observers in relative motion experience time differently: it’s perfectly possible for two events to happen simultaneously from the perspective of one observer, yet happen at different times from the perspective of the other.
- September 1905: Mass and Energy. That first paper wasn’t the end of it, though. Einstein kept obsessing on relativity all through the summer of 1905, and in September he sent in a second paper as a kind of afterthought.
Special Relativity. Although Newtonian mechanics gives an excellent description of Nature, it is not uni-versally valid. When we reach extreme conditions — the very small, the very heavy or the very fast — the Newtonian Universe that we’re used to needs replacing.
The principle of relativity was first stated by Newton, in one of his corollaries to the laws of motion: “The motions of bodies included in a given space are the same among themselves, whether that space is at rest or moves uniformly forward in a straight line.”
