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Nov 11, 2002 · Those at greatest risk to racial attack are Pakistani and Bangladeshis at 4.2%, followed by Indians at 3.6% and Black people at 2.2%. This compared with 0.3% for white people. The most serious of racial attacks occur when, like Stephen Lawrence, a victim is murdered.
- Scope and Purpose
- Appendix 1: Trust and Its Impact on Crime
- Appendix 2: Desistance
- Appendix 4: Different Types of Offenders
In October 2020, we developed a scoping paper designed to assist the Race Disparity Unit (RDU) in focusing its research questions as these relate to the current Commission on racial disparities. On the basis of that paper, the RDU commissioned us to undertake a systematic rapid evidence review of a limited range of published governmental and academ...
It is important to note that while we did not identify trust as a risk (or protective) factor for the crimes of interest, it is clear that a lack of trust is pervasive in the UK’s criminal justice system. As noted in the Lammy Review: “[t]his lack of trust starts with policing, but has ripple effects throughout the system, from plea decisions to be...
It is understood that reoffending is a major problem, and this is reflected in governmental statistics. For example, the MoJ’s most recent ‘Proven reoffending statistics’ bulletin covering adult and juvenile offenders showed that of those who were either released from custody, received a non-custodial conviction at court, or received a caution betw...
The academic literature of risk factors refers to 3 broad types of offenders: Adolescent Limited (AL) Offenders: These are individuals who engage in minor offending or anti-social behaviour into their 20s.[footnote 85]The main causes for AL offenders are thought to be delinquent peers and a disjunction between maturations and responsibilities. Thes...
The Crime and Disorder Act 1998 sections 29-32 allow for prosecution of aggravated forms of certain ‘basic’ offences – such as assault or criminal damage – that were motivated by hatred on the grounds of race or religion; see also Sentencing Council.
Jul 29, 2020 · The issues, spectacles, histories, and lived experiences of race, racism, and racial, gender, and sexual violence drive the structural oppression of nonwhite communities in the United States and have unique trajectories while also developing unevenly and relationally within shared histories of racial, gender, and sexual violence and economic ...
Research addressing the dynamics of race and class has identified constructs that can support efforts to prevent violence or intervene to ameliorate violence that has already occurred.
In particular, freedom of expression does not protect statements that unlawfully discriminate against or harass, or incite violence or hatred against, other persons and groups, particularly by reference to their race, religious belief, gender or sexual orientation.
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Aug 16, 2019 · In contrast to what Pierce (1970) called “macroaggressions,” which would include severe acts of racism (e.g., lynchings, beatings, cross burnings), microaggressions are considered small, common, and sometimes ambiguous, yet they are particularly stressful for those on the receiving end given their ubiquity and deniability.
