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1. www.gov.uk › government › publicationsUnderstanding ethnic disparities in involvement in crime – a ...

   www.gov.uk › government › publications

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   Apr 28, 2021 · For example, in 2018 to 2019, higher percentages of White and Asian suspects (40%) were arrested for ‘violence against the person’ offences, compared with 35% of Chinese or Other ethnicity ...

2. irr.org.uk › research › statisticsRacial violence and hate crime - Institute of Race Relations

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   The vast majority of hate crimes were race hate crimes accounting for 76,070 (72% of all) offences – an increase of 6% on 2018/19. Religious hate crimes accounted for 6,822 offences, the first fall since 2012/13. Of the religious hate crimes 50% were against Muslims and 19% against Jews.

3. hmicfrs.justiceinspectorates.gov.uk › publicationRace and Policing: A review of the police service’s ...

   hmicfrs.justiceinspectorates.gov.uk › publication

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   Aug 25, 2023 · Section 9 of the Equality Act 2010 states that race includes colour, nationality and ethnic or national origins. In our report, we also use the word ‘ethnicity’ in a broader sense to cover...

4. committees.parliament.uk › writtenevidence › 73422HCR0072 - Evidence on Hate crime and its violent consequences

   committees.parliament.uk › writtenevidence › 73422

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   Ten per cent of adult respondents to the Scottish Crime and Justice Survey said they had been insulted, pestered or intimidated, and of those who had experienced some form of harassment in the last 12 months, 8% felt they were harassed because of their ethnic origin or race.

5. direct.mit.edu › daed › articleThe Effects of Violence on Communities: The Violence Matrix ...

   direct.mit.edu › daed › article

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   Jan 1, 2022 · When race is considered a variable in some community samples, 7 to 30 percent of all Black women report having been raped as adults, and 14 percent report sexual abuse during their childhood. 20 This unusually wide range results from differences in definitions and sampling methods.

6. journals.sagepub.com › doi › fullLegacies of Racial Violence: Clarifying and Addressing the ...

   journals.sagepub.com › doi › full

   Jul 6, 2021 · While resurgent white nationalism, gross race-ethnic disparities, and current examples of racialized police and vigilante violence counter this narrative, questions still remain about how we use histories of racial violence to inform policy and practice in meaningful and productive ways.

7. People also ask

   Do histories of racial violence relate to contemporary patterns of conflict and inequality?

   • Scholars increasingly agree that histories of racial violence relate to contemporary patterns of conflict and inequality, and growing interest exists among civic leaders in reckoning with these legacies today.

   Legacies of Racial Violence: Clarifying and Addressing the Presence of

   journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/00027162211022712

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   Is there a relationship between ethnicity and crime?

   • Risk factors are understood to be variables which can usefully predict an increased likelihood of violent crime, drug use, gang involvement, property offences and antisocial behaviour. The extensive body of data and analysis suggests very little if any relationship between ethnic category and involvement in these categories of crime.

   Understanding ethnic disparities in involvement in crime – a limited

   www.gov.uk/government/publications/the-report-of-the-commission-on-race-and-ethnic-disparities-supporting-research/understanding-ethnic-disparities-in-involvement-in-crime-a-limited-scope-rapid-evidence-review-by-professor-clifford-stott-et-al

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   What is a racial incident?

   • A new definition of a racial incident was suggested: ‘A racist incident is any incident which is perceived to be racist by the victim or any other person.’ A national Racial and Violent crimes Task Force was set up to investigate serious racial, sexual and homophobic attacks. Racist chanting at football grounds has been made a specific offence.

   Racial violence - Institute of Race Relations

   irr.org.uk/article/racial-violence/

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   Is there a “settled science” about racial violence?

   • If there is a “settled science” about legacies of racial violence, it is that our violent national history remains relevant to contemporary social relations and outcomes. Yet the theoretical and empirical bulwarks of these legacies remain less clear.

   Legacies of Racial Violence: Clarifying and Addressing the Presence of

   journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/00027162211022712

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   How many racially motivated attacks are there?

   • Another way of counting such attacks is to interview victims. According to the British Crime Survey there were 280000 racially motivated incidents in 1999. 98000 of these (ie 35%) were against Black, Indian, Pakistani and Bangladeshi people (who comprise 7%of the population).

   Racial violence - Institute of Race Relations

   irr.org.uk/article/racial-violence/

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   Is chanting at football grounds a racially aggravated crime?

   • Racist chanting at football grounds has been made a specific offence. And in the Crime and Disorder Act, a number of new ‘racially aggravated offences’ were created. This stated that for certain crimes such as assault, harassment, wounding, if there was an additional racial element to the offence, the sentences should be increased.

   Racial violence - Institute of Race Relations

   irr.org.uk/article/racial-violence/

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8. irr.org.uk › article › racial-violenceRacial violence - Institute of Race Relations

   irr.org.uk › article › racial-violence

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   Nov 11, 2002 · Those at greatest risk to racial attack are Pakistani and Bangladeshis at 4.2%, followed by Indians at 3.6% and Black people at 2.2%. This compared with 0.3% for white people. The most serious of racial attacks occur when, like Stephen Lawrence, a victim is murdered.