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According to standards like ASME Y14.24, engineering drawings encompass a variety of types, each providing different levels of detail and perspectives on a component, product, or system.
May 1, 2020 · In this paper, we present a review of pulping technologies to convert logs or wood chips and non-woody materials into pulp for use in papermaking which consist of mechanical, chemical and semi-mechanical.
- K F Rullifank, M E Roefinal, M Kostanti, L Sartika, Evelyn
- 2020
- Introduction
- Isometric Drawing
- Orthographic Or Multiview Drawing
- Dimensioning
- Sectioning
- Drawing Tools
- "Assembly" Drawings
- Cross-Sectional Views
- Half-Sections
- Sectioning Objects with Holes, Ribs, etc.
One of the best ways to communicate one’s ideas is through some form of picture or drawing. This is especially true for the engineer. The purpose of this guide is to give you the basics of engineering sketching and drawing. We will treat “sketching” and “drawing” as one. “Sketching” generally means freehand drawing. “Drawing” usually means using dr...
The representation of the object in figure 2 is called an isometric drawing. This is one of a family of three-dimensional views called pictorial drawings. In an isometric drawing, the object’s vertical lines are drawn vertically, and the horizontal lines in the width and depth planes are shown at 30 degrees to the horizontal. When drawn under these...
Imagine that you have an object suspended by transparent threads inside a glass box, as in figure 3. Figure 3 - The block suspended in a glass box. Then draw the object on each of three faces as seen from that direction. Unfold the box (figure 4) and you have the three views. We call this an “orthographic” or “multiview” drawing. Figure 4 - The cre...
Figure 7 - An isometric view with dimensions. We have “dimensioned” the object in the isometric drawing in figure 7. As a general guideline to dimensioning, try to think that you would make an object and dimension it in the most useful way. Put in exactly as many dimensions as are necessary for the craftsperson to make it -no more, no less. Do not ...
There are many times when the interior details of an object cannot be seen from the outside (figure 8). Figure 8 - An isometric drawing that does not show all details. We can get around this by pretending to cut the object on a plane and showing the “sectional view”. The sectional view is applicable to objects like engine blocks, where the interior...
To prepare a drawing, one can use manual drafting instruments (figure 12) or computer-aided drafting or design, or CAD. The basic drawing standards and conventions are the same regardless of what design tool you use to make the drawings. In learning drafting, we will approach it from the perspective of manual drafting. If the drawing is made withou...
An isometric view of an “assembled” pillow-block bearing system is shown in figure 13. It corresponds closely to what you actually see when viewing the object from a particular angle. We cannot tell what the inside of the part looks like from this view. We can also show isometric views of the pillow-block being taken apart or “disassembled” (figure...
A cross-sectional view portrays a cut-away portion of the object and is another way to show hidden components in a device. Imagine a plane that cuts vertically through the center of the pillow block as shown in figure 15. Then imagine removing the material from the front of this plane, as shown in figure 16. Figure 15 - Pillow Block. Figure 16 - Pi...
A half-section is a view of an object showing one-half of the view in section, as in figure 19 and 20. Figure 19 - Full and sectioned isometric views. Figure 20 - Front view and half section. The diagonal lines on the section drawing are used to indicate the area that has been theoretically cut. These lines are called section lining or cross-hatchi...
The cross-section on the right of figure 22 is technically correct. However, the convention in a drawing is to show the view on the left as the preferred method for sectioning this type of object. Figure 22 - Cross section.
Jun 18, 2020 · In this paper, we present a review of pulping technologies to convert logs or wood chips and non-woody materials into pulp for use in papermaking which consist of mechanical, chemical and...
Jan 3, 2021 · The demand for paper and pulp-derived products to fulfill consumer needs is increasing considerably globally. This work provides a critical overview of the various traditional pulping methods and describes the recent improvements in pulping processes.
- Drake Mboowa
- dmbooowa@mail.ubc.ca
- 2021
INTRODUCTION 1. 1.1 Importance of Paper 1. 1.2 Definitions of Pulp, Paper, Paperboard 1. 1.3 Chronology of Technological Development 1. 1.4 Modern Pulp and Paper Operations 2. 1.5 Requirements and Sources of Papermaking Fibers. 1.6 Introduction to Fiber Chemistry. 1.7 Behavior of Cellulosic Fibers. 5.
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It describes all pulping processes used for paper and board manufacturing, as well as waste liquor treatment, pulp bleaching, and environmental aspects, while also covering pulp properties and applications.
