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- The odds ratio is the ratio of the odds of the event happening in an exposed group versus a non-exposed group. The odds ratio is commonly used to report the strength of association between exposure and an event. The larger the odds ratio, the more likely the event is to be found with exposure.
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May 22, 2023 · The odds ratio is a ratio of two sets of odds: the odds of the event occurring in an exposed group versus the odds of the event occurring in a non-exposed group. Odds ratios commonly are used to report case-control studies. The odds ratio helps identify how likely an exposure is to lead to a specific event.
- Steven Tenny, Mary R. Hoffman
- 2023/05/22
- University of Nebraska Medical Center
Odds Ratio (OR) is a fundamental concept in epidemiology and statistics, providing a measure of association between exposure and outcome across different groups.
The odds ratio (OR) is the ratio between the odds of disease in the exposed group and the odds of disease in the nonexposed group. It measures how large the odds of disease are in the exposed group compared with the nonexposed group.
Odds ratio in epidemiology studies In epidemiology studies, the researchers often use the odds ratio to determine post hoc if different groups had different outcomes on a particular measure.
- Mary L. McHugh
- 2009
The risk difference (RD) is the difference between the absolute risks of 2 interventions or risk factors. The RD represents excess risk attributed to the group with the higher risk. The odds ratio can estimate the risk ratio when the probability of an event is ≤10%.
The odds are the ratio of the probability that an outcome occurs to the probability that the outcome does not occur. For example, suppose that the probability of mortality is 0.3 in a group of patients. This can be expressed as the odds of dying: 0.3/ (1 − 0.3) = 0.43. When the probability is small, odds are virtually identical to the probability.
Odds ratio definition: is a measure of effect size for the association between two binary (yes/no) variables. It is the ratio of the odds of an event occurring in one group to the odds of the same event happening in another group.
