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- The odds ratio is the ratio of the odds of the event happening in an exposed group versus a non-exposed group. The odds ratio is commonly used to report the strength of association between exposure and an event. The larger the odds ratio, the more likely the event is to be found with exposure.
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK431098/
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May 22, 2023 · The odds ratio is a ratio of two sets of odds: the odds of the event occurring in an exposed group versus the odds of the event occurring in a non-exposed group. Odds ratios commonly are used to report case-control studies.
- Steven Tenny, Mary R. Hoffman
- 2023/05/22
- University of Nebraska Medical Center
The estimated odds ratio is 1.4 when simultaneously accounting for specialty, spending region, sole proprietor status, sex, and the interaction between specialty and sex. A different odds ratio would be found if the model included a different set of explanatory variables.
- Edward C. Norton, Bryan E. Dowd, Matthew L. Maciejewski
- 2018
- Studies That Use Prevalence Data
- Conclusions
- References
Following participants while waiting for incident cases of disease is expensive and time-consuming. Often, epidemiologists need a faster (and cheaper) answer to their question about a particular exposure/disease combination. One might instead take advantage of prevalent cases of disease, which by definition have already occurred and therefore requi...
Epidemiologic data are often summarized in 2 × 2 tables. There are 2 main measures of association commonly used in epidemiology: the risk ratio/rate ratio (relative risk) and the odds ratio. The former is calculated for study designs that collect data on incidence: cohorts and RCTs. The latter is calculated for study designs that use prevalent case...
i. Bodner K, Bodner-Adler B, Wierrani F, Mayerhofer K, Fousek C, Niedermayr A, Grünberger. Effects of water birth on maternal and neonatal outcomes. Wien Klin Wochenschr. 2002;114(10-11):391-395. (↵ Return) ii. Declercq E. The absolute power of relative risk in debates on repeat cesareans and home birth in the United States. J Clin Ethics. 2013;24(...
- Marit L. Bovbjerg
- 2020
3 days ago · Odds ratio (OR) is a ratio comparing the odds of an event occurring in one group (such as an exposed or treatment group) with the odds of it occurring in another (often a control or unexposed group). The odds ratio, therefore, tells us whether a particular factor increases or decreases the likelihood of an outcome compared to a baseline.
In epidemiology studies, the researchers often use the odds ratio to determine post hoc if different groups had different outcomes on a particular measure.
- Mary L. McHugh
- 2009
The risk difference (RD) is the difference between the absolute risks of 2 interventions or risk factors. The RD represents excess risk attributed to the group with the higher risk. The odds ratio can estimate the risk ratio when the probability of an event is ≤10%.
The odds ratio divides the odds in the exposed group by the odds in the reference group. For our hypothetical example, the odds of hypertension for drinkers is 50%/50% or 1 to 1; and the odds for nondrinkers is 25%/75% or 1 to 3; thus, the odds ratio is OR 50%⁄50% ⁄ 25%⁄75% 3.0, or, equivalently, OR 1⁄1 ⁄ 1⁄3 3.0.
